Transcript Great Depression, Part Bx

The Great Depression, 1929-1941
Part B
President Herbert Hoover (Republican)
Years in Office: 1929-1933
1. From the end of WWI until the dawn of the
Great Depression in 1929, in what years did
the U.S. have presidential elections?
• 1920
• 1924
• 1928
2. Who won the Presidential election of 1920?
• Warren G. Harding, a Republican from Ohio
3. During the 1920 campaign, what did Harding
promise to bring back to America, in the wake of
the Woodrow Wilson (a Democrat) years?
• “Normalcy”
4. Generally speaking, the election of Republican Warren G.
Harding signaled something of an end of what historical era in
American government?
• The Progressive Era
5. But did Warren G. Harding snuff out Progressivism forever?
• No
• The reforms of the Progressive Era stayed intact, for the
most part
• But the election of Harding did inaugurate a period in
which progressive reforms were slowed down
6. What happened to Warren G. Harding in 1923?
• He died of a heart attack
7. Thus, who became the new President of the
United States in 1923?
• Calvin Coolidge, the Vice President under
President Harding
• Calvin Coolidge was from Vermont
8. Who won the Presidential election of 1924?
• President Calvin Coolidge (Republican)
9. Thus how long did Calvin Coolidge serve as
President of the United States?
• He from August 2, 1923 to March 4, 1929
• In short, due to finishing out Warren G. Harding’s
term, Coolidge served as president for over 5
years
10. Who did the Republican Party nominate as
its candidate for President in 1928?
• Herbert Hoover of Iowa
• Hoover was the first U.S. President born west
of the Mississippi River
• Hoover was born in 1874 and died in 1964 at
the age of 90
• In terms of religion, Herbert Hoover was a
Quaker
11. In 1928, who did the Democratic Party
nominate as its candidate for president?
• Al Smith of New York
• Al Smith was elected multiple times as the
governor of New York
12. Of what religion was Al Smith?
• Roman Catholic
Al Smith (on the right) golfing with
baseball great, Babe Ruth
13. What was significant about Al Smith’s
religious identity?
• Smith was the first Roman Catholic to receive
the presidential nomination from either of the
two major political parties, i.e. the Democratic
Party and/or the Republican Party
14. Since Al Smith in 1928, what other two
Catholic Democrats have won the presidential
nomination?
• John F. Kennedy in 1960 (He won the
presidency)
• John F. Kerry in 2004 (He did not win the
presidency)
15. How many Catholic Republicans have ever won
the presidential nomination of the Republican
Party?
• None
• To this day, no Catholic has ever been the
Republican nominee for the presidency
• In 2012, Catholics Rick Santorum and Newt
Gingrich both tried to win the Republican
nomination, but as of May 2012, it seems quite
evident that they will fail
16. Have any Catholics ever served as Vice
President of the United States?
• Yes
• Vice President of Joe Biden of Delaware
became V.P. under President Barack Obama in
January 2009
17. Who won the Presidential election of 1928?
• Herbert Hoover, the Republican
18. What was a particularly interesting aspect of Hoover’s
state-by-state electoral victory in 1928?
• He carried several Southern states, a feat that was rare
given that the Republican Party had been seen by most
white Southerners as the party that had invaded the
South during the Civil War.
• Hoover won 5 former Confederate states: Texas,
Florida, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia
19. After the American Civil War and
Reconstruction, in presidential elections (1880-1924), the
former Confederate States had been what for the
Democratic Party, for the most part?
• “The Solid South”
• That is, white Southerners were unwilling to vote
Republican, the party of Lincoln (the conqueror of the
South)
• The former Confederate states were South Carolina,
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana,
Texas, Virginia, Tennessee, Arkansas, and North
Carolina
20. In 1928, why did Herbert Hoover make inroads into
the former Confederacy?
• In all likelihood, it was because of the Al Smith’s Roman
Catholic faith and identity
• The South was staunchly anti-Catholic, and rather
supportive of Prohibition (the banning of alcohol)
• Al Smith was believed by many to be an un-American
alcohol drinker with an un-American Catholic faith
• In short, anti-Catholic bigotry likely helped the
Republican candidate make inroads into the former
Confederacy.
21. In time, what became of the so-called Solid
South?
• From 1928 to 1968, during Presidential elections,
the South moved away from the Democratic
Party, largely for reasons related to race
• In short, as the Democratic Party became more
liberal (i.e. supportive of Civil Rights for African
Americans), the South became less Democratic,
and ultimately, more Republican…but it did not
happen overnight.
22. From 1928 to 1948, in what presidential
elections did white Southern voters move away
from the Democratic Party in significant numbers?
• 1928…The Republicans carried 5 Southern States
• 1948…Strom Thurmond and States’ Rights
Conservatives (a White Supremacist party) broke
from the Democratic Party and carried Alabama,
Mississippi, Louisiana, and South Carolina
23. In 1952 and 1956, two elections won by
Republican Dwight Eisenhower, how did the
Republicans do in the South?
• In 1952, the Republicans won Tennessee,
Texas, North Carolina, and Florida (4 States of
the former Confederacy)
• In 1956, the Republicans won Tennessee,
Texas, North Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana
(5 States of the former Confederacy)
24. In 1960, 1964, and 1968 presidential elections, what became of the
so-called Solid South?
• In 1960, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia went Republican while
Mississippi went to an unofficial candidate as a protest vote.
Alabama did something similar…but it’s complicated
• In 1964, the conservative Republican candidate, Barry Goldwater,
won only 6 states total…but 5 of his wins were in the Deep South,
those being Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, and South
Carolina
• In 1968, the Democrats only carried one former Confederate state,
that being Texas. Republican Richard Nixon carried Tennessee,
Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia. Independent
George Wallace of Alabama carried Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia,
Louisiana, and Mississippi
25. In 1972, Republican President Richard Nixon carried how many of
the eleven former Confederate States?
• Nixon carried all eleven in 1972
• The Solid South for the Democratic Party was dead
26. Beginning in 1972 has Dixie been a Solid South for the Republican
Party?
• Yes…for the most part…with a few exceptions
• But in general, the former Confederate States of America belonged
to the Republican Party by the early 21st century.
• In 2000 and 2004, Republican George W. Bush of Texas won every
former Confederate state each time he ran.
• In 2008, Republican John McCain carried every former Confederate
State except Virginia and North Carolina