Transcript idf bus schedule

Conflict in the Middle East
David Ben Gurion
• Israel’s 1st Prime Minister
• 1st Prime Minister of Defense
• Joined the Zionist Movement – helped Jews come to Israel
Menachem Begin
• Leader of Zionist militia group
• Led revolt against British control
• 6th Prime Minister of Israel
• Opposed Palestinian liberation
• Signed Camp David Agreement
• Won Nobel Prize
Yitzak Rabin
• 5th Prime Minister
• 1st Native born Prime Minister
• Assassinated in 1995
• Fought in War for Independence and Six Day War
• Signed Oslo Peace Agreement
Israeli Defense Force (IDF)
• Israeli Army
• Ground, Air, and Navy forces
• Supported by the United States
• Involved in all major conflicts from War for Independence to the
Intifada
Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
• Led by Yassar Arafat
• 1993 – Agreed to stop terrorist acts against Israel in exchange for
recognition as Palestinian leadership
• Works to create a Palestinian state
Yassar Arafat
• Head of the PLO
• Signed Oslo Peace Agreement
• Received Nobel Peace Prize
Intifada
• Means tremor or shudder
• Palestinian uprising from 1987-1991 against Israel
• Palestinian’s used civil disobedience and boycotts of Israeli goods
• Turned to violence, although Palestinian’s used rocks against more
heavily armed IDF
• Large number of Palestinians killed
Hamas
• Took part in the first Intifada
• Known for hatred of Israel and U.S.
• Militant Palestinian group vowed to destroy Israel
• Militant and Political group
Anwar Sadat
• President of Egypt
• Signed the Camp David Accords with Israel
• Got back the Sinai Peninsula in exchange for acknowledging Israeli right to
exist
• Was assassinated for this
• First Muslim to win Nobel Prize
Jimmy Carter
• 39th President of U.S.
• Middle East became priority in his foreign policy
• Tried to manage weapons getting into the Middle East from U.S. and
Soviet Union
• President during Iran Hostage Crisis and Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan
• Helps negotiate Camp David Accords
Camp David Accords 1979
• Peace Treaty signed by Egypt and Israel
• Egypt got by the Sinai Peninsula in exchange to recognition of Israeli
right to exist
• Joint Peace Prize won for Egypt and Israel
• Signed at Camp David
Oslo Peace Agreement 1993
• Peace treaty between PLO and Israel
• Israel agreed to recognize PLO and not call them a terrorist group
• PLO agreed to stop terrorist attacks
• Did not create a Palestinian state
Gaza Strip
• Southeast strip of land in Israel
• Palestinian refugees sent here when Israel was created in 1948
• Source of modern conflict as refugees still live here
• Israel and Palestine still debate over this area
Golan Heights
• Land on the Jordan River that separates Israel from Syria
• Over 30 Jewish settlements located here
• 1970 – Israel annexed the land which starts the Yom Kippur War
• Israel offered to return land is Syria stopped hostilities towards Israel
• Syria declined the offer
• Israel still occupies 95% of the Golan Heights
West Bank
• Located on the West bank of the Jordan River
• Palestinian refugees sent here when Israel was created in 1948
• Captured by Israel in 1967
• Source of modern conflict as refugees still live here
• Israel and Palestine still debate over this area
• Causes conflict between Israel and her Arab neighbors
Israeli War for Independence
• First Arab-Israeli War
• After Israeli declared Independence, they were immediately attacked
by their Arab neighbors
• 10 months of fighting
• Israeli dominated the Arab neighbors and increased its land
Suez War 1956
• War between Egypt vs Israel, England, and France
• U.S. backs Israel, Soviet Union backs Egypt
• Gamal Nassar nationalizes the Suez Canal – cuts off Israeli access to
the Red Sea
Six Day War 1967
• Israel vs Egypt, Jordan, and Syria
• June 5th – June 10th………..
• IDF had an overwhelming victory over the Arab coalition
• Israel gains control of Jerusalem and gains massive amounts of
territory – triples in size
• Over 20,000 Arabs are killed while less than 1,000 Israeli forces are
killed
Yom Kippur War 1973
• Also known as the 4th Arab Israeli war
• Israel vs Egypt and Syria
• Egypt and Syria looked to regain control over territory lost in the 6
Day War
• Arab states won major victories early in the war
• Causes tension to build between the U.S. and Soviet Union
• Causes negotiations and leads to the Camp David Accords
Israel invades Lebanon 1982
• Israel invades Lebanon due to multiple attacks launched on Israel
from Lebanon
• Causes civil war to break out in Lebanon
Hebron Massacre 1929 and 1994
• Massacre of 67-69 Jews, many of them teachers and students
• It was rumored that Jews were going to seize control of the Temple
Mount
• Arabs killed and beat many Jews and destroyed synagogues
• Second Massacre was a Jewish extremist who killed 29 Muslim
Palestinians who were in prayer
• Riots broke out for days which killed more Jews and Palestinians
Munich Olympics 1972
• Israeli Olympians, Israeli coaches killed by members of the terrorist
group Black September
• Black September was a radical Palestinian group
• Black September wanted the release of over 200 Arab prisoners in
Israel
• In the end 17 people were killed including the Israeli athletes,
terrorists, and German police
Iran Hostage Crisis
• 1979 – 1981
• Iranian Students storm the U.S. Embassy
• 52 hostages were held for 444 days
• Ended only after the Iraq-Iran war caused Iran to negotiate with U.S.
• President Jimmy Carter works to negotiate the release
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
• 1979-1989
• Soviet Union invades Afghanistan to keep a pro-communist
government from being overthrown
• More than 1 million Afghan civilians killed
• Mujahedeen – Afghan freedom fighters who were trained and
supplied by the United States
• Only time Soviet forces are beaten and forced to withdraw
Persian Gulf War
• 1990 – 1991
• Saddam Hussein invades Kuwait for oil
• U.S. leads air strikes against Iraqi forces
• Iraq forced to withdraw, as they leave they set fire to all the oil fields
September
th
11
Attacks
• Attacks carried out by Al-Qaeda
• Attacked symbolic targets – World Trade Center, Pentagon
• Caused the U.S. to declare war on Terror and go into Afghanistan
War Against Terrorism
• 10 days after 9/11 attacks, President George W. Bush declared a
global war on Terror
• U.S. and its allies peruse terrorist groups and their supports
Operation Iraqi Freedom
• 2003 Invasion of Iraq
• Saddam Hussein’s government fell quickly
• Many thousands of Iraqi citizens killed
• Iraq held multi-party elections in 2005
Taliban
• Group that grew out of the mujahedeen in Afghanistan after the
Soviet Invasion
• Ruled Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001 when the U.S. invaded
• Known for is warped teachings of Islam and brutality towards women
• Supported by Al-Qaeda
ISIS
• Extremist jihadist militant group
• Wants to create one Islamic State
• Composed of mainly Sunni Muslims from Iraq and Syria who were
oppressed by the Shia majority
• Grew out of the most extreme members of Al-Qaeda
• Know for public beheadings and other acts of brutality
• Denounced by most Muslim groups
Al-Qaeda
• Means “the base”
• Global militant Islamic group
• Began in the late 1980’s
• Network of multiple terrorist groups
• Responsible for 9/11 attacks
• Targets citizens and other non-military targets
• Also responsible for creating divisions between Muslim groups
Saddam Hussein
• Former dictator of Iraq
• He was a Sunni Muslim (minority in Iraq) and violent suppressed the
Shia and Kurds in his own country
• Responsible for the Persian Gulf War (invaded Kuwait)
• Thought to have WMDs (Weapons of Mass Destruction)
• U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003 and Saddam’s government feel apart
• Saddam was captured and put on trial for crimes against humanity
• Executed in 2006
Osama Bin Laden
• Founder of Al-Qaeda
• Planned 9/11
• Fought against Soviet Union in Afghanistan
• Was on FBI’s 10 most wanted
• In 2011 is he shot and killed by U.S. special forces
• His remains would not be received by any country and he was buried
at sea
George H.W. Bush
• 41st President of the United States
• President during the Persian Gulf War
George W. Bush
• 43rd President of the United States
• President during 9/11 attacks
• Declared War on Terror
• President during the Iraq War
Malala Yousafzai
• Pakistani activist for female education
• While on her school bus a gunman asked for her by name and shot
her 3 times, once in the head
• The Taliban did not believe in girls going to school
• Malala survived
• She travels all over the world in support of education for women
• She won the Nobel peace prize in 2014.