Transcript domestic policy.

Do Warm-Up #1 on ISN 90…
90
91
Warm-Up #1 ISN 90…
Define the term
“precedent”.
An act or decision that
sets an example for
others to follow
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93
Objective: To examine how the new U.S. government
began. (Era: New Republic)
Do Now: What problems did our nation face at the
beginning and what were the steps Washington took to
make new govt. work?
Early American Problems
I. People were more loyal to their state than to the
country.
II. People questioned the Constitution. (since the Articles
of Confederation didn’t work)
III. The nation was severely in debt.
Organizing a New Government
Audio – The President’s March (1789)
• In 1789, George Washington
was inaugurated as the nation’s
first President.
• John Adams was the
first Vice-President.
Organizing a New Government
• “ There is scarcely any part of my conduct which may not
hereafter be drawn into precedent.”
Very important
Precedent:
He decided
not to run for a
3rd term as
President!
• New York
City was the
first capital of
the U.S.
Federal Hall,
shown with the
Presidential
carriage, was
originally
constructed in
1699 as a City
Hall for New
York.
Washington's Inauguration, 1789
Allyn Cox, Oil on Canvas, 1973-1974
George Washington
was sworn in as the
nation's first president
on April 30, 1789, on
the balcony of Federal
Hall in New York. The
mural depicts (from
left to right) Robert R.
Livingston, chancellor
of the state of New
York, administering
the oath; Secretary of
the Senate Samuel
Otis holding the Bible;
George Washington,
with his hand
upraised; and Vice
President John
Adams.
oil painting by Ramon de Elorriaga from about 1899
Federal Hall, New York City
Another Important Precedent:
• Washington chose who he wanted as leaders of his
CABINET.
• Cabinet= group of advisors
• What kind of men did he choose?
• Well known, educated, and experienced men.
• Washington appointed four men to his first Cabinet.
Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Postmaster General
Samuel Osgood
Secretary of War
Henry Knox
The Federal Court System
• In 1789, Congress passed the Judiciary Act. This law set up
the Federal Court System.
Supreme Court
Circuit Court of Appeals
(Appellate)
District Court
http://www.uscourts.gov/courtlocator/zip/78410/court/appeals
The Supreme Court
• John Jay was named
the first Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court in
1789.
• Today, the Supreme
Court consists of one
Chief Justice, and eight
Associate Justices.
Chief Justice John Jay
Write that down at
bottom of page!
Washington Sets a
Precedent
DOMESTIC
POLICY
The reactions that a nation takes in
relation to issues that occur within it’s
borders is called domestic policy.
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 1: WHAT WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET DO
ABOUT THE NATION’S DEBT?
Wars are expensive and one big
problem that the U.S. was in
debt.
Foreign debt – money owed to foreign nations such as Spain
and France
Domestic debt – money owed to American citizens
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 1: WHAT WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET DO
ABOUT THE NATION’S DEBT?
The U.S. had borrowed money from its’ citizen in
order to pay for the Revolutionary War through the
sale of bonds.
Many citizens thought that the government would
never be able to pay back their debt. Therefore,
they sold their bonds to
speculators at a loss.
Alexander Hamilton, first
Secretary of the Treasury
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 1: WHAT WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET DO
ABOUT THE NATION’S DEBT?
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
Alexander Hamilton wanted to restore people’s faith in the
U.S. economy by doing the following:
• pay back all federal and state bonds
•combine all state and federal debts into one huge national debt
•Where was U.S. going to get $ from to pay debt?
U.S. would issue New bonds to pay back OLD
bonds
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 1: WHAT WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET DO
ABOUT THE NATION’S DEBT?
Southerners such as James
Madison hated this plan
because:
• most Southern states had
already paid their debts
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 1: WHAT WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET DO
ABOUT THE NATION’S DEBT?
What would you do?
Discuss with your neighbor.
Suggestions?
DOMESTIC POLICY
SOLUTION 1:
Hamilton’s Compromise
The South
agreed to…
…allow the federal
government to take
over the debts
of the northern states.
The North
agreed to…
…move the capital of
the U.S. to the South.
(Washington, D.C.)
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 2: HOW WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET BUILD
UP THE ECONOMY?
Alexander Hamilton is Secretary of
Treasury and is responsible for coming
up with a plan.
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 2: HOW WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET BUILD
UP THE ECONOMY?
What would you do?
Discuss with your neighbor.
Suggestions?
DOMESTIC POLICY
SOLUTION 2:
At the request of Alexander Hamilton, Congress passed a bill
in 1791 setting up a national banking system.
• The Bank of the U.S. was able to:
- print paper money
- use paper money to pay its bills
- make loans to farmers and businesses
First Bank of the United States, Philadelphia, PA
First Bank of the United States, Philadelphia, PA
DOMESTIC POLICY
SOLUTION 2:
• Hamilton proposed that Congress pass a tariff
on all imported goods.
• What is a tariff?
• A Tax on imports
• Ex. Cloth
The benefits
of tariffs:
they raise money
for the government
they help
Americans
keep their jobs
foreign goods
are made more
expensive
people buy more
U.S. goods
Tariff Proposal
• The purpose of a tariff is to protect American industry
(businesses).
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 3: HOW WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET DEAL
WITH UPSET FARMERS?
Farmers from Pennsylvania
became upset over a tax on
liquor and began to violently
protest.
 Thousands of farmers rebelled against the tax.
A tax collector is tarred and feathered by anti-tax frontiersmen
during the Whiskey Rebellion.
DOMESTIC POLICY
DILEMMA 3: HOW WOULD WASHINGTON’S CABINET DEAL
WITH UPSET FARMERS?
What would you do if you were
Washington?
Discuss with your neighbor.
Class discussion.
DOMESTIC POLICY
SOLUTION 3:
Pres. Washington sent in a militia of 13,000 men to crush the
rebellion.
"...if the laws are to be so trampled upon with impunity, and
a minority...is to dictate to the majority, there is an end put
at one stroke to republican government...for some other man
or society may dislike another law and oppose it with equal
propriety until all laws are prostrate, and everyone will
carve for himself."
- George Washington's observation about the Whiskey
Rebellion
* The Whiskey Rebellion proved to Americans that
the new government would act firmly in times of
crisis.
Compare and Contrast Rebellions
• Shays’ Rebellion
• Whiskey Rebellion
• Under Articles of
Confederation
• National govt. was too
weak to stop it
• Wake up call- we need
to revise govt.
• Under New U.S.
Constitution
• National govt. is strong
• We will not tolerate
violent protests!
T.O.D.
Why did federal
leaders take a role in
regulating the
economy and raising
revenue?
Warm-up #2 ISN 90
***ANSWER
Washington Sets a
Precedent
FOREIGN POLICY
The reactions that a nation takes in
relation to other nations is called
foreign policy.
Washington must decide
how to deal with
foreign countries.
Should the U.S. get involved or
stay isolated from foreign
nations?
FOREIGN POLICY
DILEMMA 1: HOW WILL THE UNITED STATES RESPOND T
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?
The greatest challenge to Washington's
Presidency and foreign policy was the
French Revolution.
The common people of France rebelled against
their government and fought for liberty.
The Reign of Terror
FOREIGN POLICY
DILEMMA 1: HOW WILL THE UNITED STATES RESPOND T
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?
The French Revolution emerges
as a European war between the
French Republic and other European Nations.
SUPPORTED FRENCH REBELLION
 Thomas Jefferson
 Must honor the treaty
with France signed during
the American Revolution
 Pro-French
OPPOSED FRENCH REBELLION
• Alexander Hamilton
• Believed the French
Revolution went too far
• Pro- British
FOREIGN POLICY
DILEMMA 1: HOW WILL THE UNITED STATES
RESPOND TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?
What would you do?
A. Not take a side and remain neutral?
B. Help the French people with their
rebellion?
C. Your own solution?
FOREIGN POLICY
SOLUTION 1:
Washington decided to remain
neutral in the war between
France and other European
countries and issued a Neutrality
Proclamation.
FOREIGN POLICY
DILEMMA 2: WHAT SHOULD THE UNITED STATES
DO ABOUT SHIPS BEING SEIZED BY FRANCE AND
GREAT BRITAIN?
• When the United States tried to
continue trading with France and Great
Britain, those two countries stopped
American ships and seized their
cargoes.
• Some Americans wanted to go to war
but President Washington knew that
the United States was too weak to fight.
FOREIGN POLICY
DILEMMA 2: WHAT SHOULD THE UNITED STATES
DO ABOUT SHIPS BEING SEIZED BY FRANCE AND
GREAT BRITAIN?
What would you do?
A.Go to war!
B.Remain neutral?
C.Your own solution?
FOREIGN POLICY
SOLUTION 2:
Washington sent John Jay to Britain for talks.
Problems with Britain in Northwest Territory and
the high seas
Britain Supply Native Americans in west
British still had soldiers in NW Territory
Violate U.S. neutrality/Impressment of U.S.
sailors
FOREIGN POLICY
SOLUTION 2:
What was the name of the agreement
between the United States and Great
Britain that angered many Americans
because it did nothing to protect the
rights of neutral American Ships?
Jay’s Treaty
Jay’s Treaty (1794)
U.S. Reaction?
WASHINGTON’S FAREWELL
ADDRESS
(TRACE
YOUR HAND)
1. Don’t get
involved in
foreign
affairs.
2.
Don’t let
political
parties divide
the country.
T.O.D.
What is your opinion of
Washington’s
warnings? Was he
correct? Justify your
answer.