Transcript World War II - Miami Beach Senior High School

Mr. Ermer
U.S. History Honors
Miami Beach Senior High
 Congress rejects Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations Pact
 Sec. of State Charles Evans Hughes negotiates separate treaties
 Contrary to claims of isolationism, U.S. plays active role in global
politics throughout 1920s
 Washington Naval Conference of 1921
 U.S., Britain, France, Italy, Japan agree to limit naval tonnage
 Nine-Power Pact to continue Open Door Policy in China
 Four-Power Pact b/w U.S., Britain, France, Japan to respect Pacific lands
 Kellogg-Briand Pact 0f 1928
 A multilateral pact aiming to outlaw war
 The Dawes Plan
 The United States loans money to Germany so they can pay their
reparations to former Allied Powers in return for lower payments
 Fordney-McCumber Act of 1922 raises tariffs, hurts Europe
 Growing Latin American indebtedness breeds resentment of
“Yankee Imperialism”
 Global Great Depression triggers growing nationalism
 Many leaders around the world being replaced by angry people
 Roosevelt rejects many of Hoover’s foreign policies
 Moves to strengthen economic ties with Europe
 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
 Most competitive non-American import goods still limited
 Good Neighbor Policy
 Increased imports from and exports to Latin America
 Rejection of American intervention in Latin America
 Inter-American Conference of 1933 held in Montevideo
 1930s Americans grow increasingly isolationist
 U.S. signs on to World Court, mostly symbolic
 Neutrality Act of 1935
 Prohibits American intervention in Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia
 Followed by the neutrality acts of 1936 & 1937
 Americans could travel on foreign ships only at own risk
 Warring nations could only buy non-military goods from U.S. in cash
and carry them away on own ships—“cash and carry” policy
 Fascism: Political system run by a dictator, extremely
nationalistic, intolerant, and highly ordered
 Anti-Communist, pro-empire
 Italy (1922): Benito Mussolini brings Fascism
 Becomes “Il Duce” or “Leader” of Italy—Premier
 Germany (1933): Hitler elected German Chancellor
 Upset about terms of WWI’s Treaty of Versailles
 Tries to start revolution in 1923, arrested
 Writes book in jail: Mein Kampf (“My Struggles”)
 Becomes leader of Nazi party
 Blames Jews and other minorities for Germany’s problems
 Wants to establish a new German empire (Third Reich)
 Spanish Civil War
 Hitler and Mussolini support Fascist party of Francisco Franco
 Britain, France, & U.S. don’t help republican side
 Russia renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or
USSR, in 1922—Communist government
 Joseph Stalin becomes Soviet premier in 1924
 Five Year Plan to build up economy
 Collectivization
 Sets eyes on conquest of eastern Europe
 Japan needs more natural resources to help economy
 Emperor Hirohito’s power=absolute (thought a god)
 Prime Minister Tojo is military dictator for emperor
 Japan under military control, begins conquering empire
 1935: Hitler builds new air force, military draft
 European leaders, afraid of another war, want to make deal
 Assumed Germany just wanted union and peace
 1938: Hitler forces the “peaceful” union of Germany and
Austria (the Anschluss)
 The Munich Conference
 Hitler wants the Sudentenland, part of Czechoslovakia
 France and Britain agree, start appeasement policy
 1939: Germany attacks, splits land b/w Czechs & Slovaks
 Hitler now wanted city of Danzig from Poland
 Britain and France “have Poland’s back”
 September 1939, Germany invades Poland
 Hitler does not want a two-front war like World War I
 Sends ministers to Russia to negotiate deal with Stalin
 Stalin sees chance to turn capitalists against each other
 August 23, 1939: Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
 After Hitler invades Poland, Britain & France declare war
 One month later, Poland falls to the Nazis
 British and French wait for Nazis in Belgium
 Hitler surrounds Belgium, French surrender
 British and French troops escape to England through
Dunkirk, French Gen. Charles de Gaulle flees to Algiers
 Hitler orders his Luftwaffe (air force) to bomb London
 Americans disillusioned by failure of World War I
 Rise of dictators
 Non-payment of debts during Great Depression
 Nye Committee/Backlash against arms industry
 Support of isolationism
 Neutrality Act of 1935: illegal to sell arms abroad
 Spanish Civil War erupts
 Germany, Italy, & Japan form “Axis Powers”
 Neutrality Act of 1937: All nonmilitary goods bought
by warring nations on a “cash & carry” basis
 FDR supports internationalism
 Supplies China with weapons against Japan
 Neutrality Act of 1939: weapons sales OK, cash & carry
 FDR lends British old navy ships in exchange for British bases
 Lend-Lease Act: lend the British arms to fight war
 1941: Nazi’s invade USSR, break non-aggression pact
 FDR est. Hemispheric Defense Zone
 USA protects ships in “neutral” western Atlantic
 August 1941: The Atlantic Charter
 Agreement for after the war to pursue democratic world,
free trade, economic advancement, freedom of the seas
 FDR’s “shoot on sight” order for German U-boats
 FDR restricts sale of strategic materials to Japan
 Lend-lease to China
 Japan, in need of resources, attacks British and Dutch




colonies in eastern, southern Pacific
Japan attacks U.S. Philippines
December 7, 1941: Japan surprise attacks the American
Pacific naval fleet at Pearl Harbor
The United States declares war on Japan
Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.A.