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Trailer American Wars US History Learning Intentions/ Success Criteria Learning Intention 1) Students will engage in the identification of main ideas, details and success summarizing three American Wars. 2) Students will effectively identify cause(s)/ effects(s) when approaching the three American Wars. Success Criteria Students will know they are successful when they can engage in sophisticated discussion surrounding the three wars 2. Students will know they are successful when they can accurately understand the cause and effect relationships, surrounding the three American Wars. 1. Agenda Power Point War of 1812 Mexican-American War Spanish- American War Vietnam War Small Group Activity Primary Source Investigation Presentation Class Closure Exit Slip What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized. Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe France confiscated cargo from licensed ships Impressment of American sailors Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews. British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? US shipping was being harassed, and cargo was seized. Britain required licenses for ships bound for Europe France confiscated cargo from licensed ships Impressment of American sailors Many British sailors became naturalized US citizens and deserted British vessels and joined American crews. British Navy kidnapped these sailors off American ships and had them rejoin the British Navy What are some major events leading to The War of 1812? Economic Diplomacy Fails Embargo Act of 1807 halted all trade with Europe Embargo is a government ban on trade with other countries Embargo was unpopular in port cities, especially in the North What were some of the benefits of going to war with Britain? To allow reopening of trade National Pride To stop the impressment of sailors CANADA!!! What were some drawbacks to going to war? Not everyone in the US wanted to go to war Military was small Standing Army was small Militia comprised most of our forces, and they did not like to fight outside of their state borders Navy was quite small only 22 ships Britain was a great Superpower and could crush us like a bug and we could lose territory that was gained in the Treaty of Paris or the Louisiana Purchase Declaration of War June of 1812 Madison asked Congress for declaration of war Vote was split along regional lines War started with Invasion of Canada Key Battles US Burns York (now Toronto) US figured the Canadians would welcome the Americans and quickly join the US to expel Britain from North America…this did not happen Perry Defeated the British on Lake Erie This gave the US control of Lake Erie Britain Blockades the Eastern Seaboard This prevented shipping from leaving, and made the war more unpopular in the Northeast Treaty of Ghent Treaty was Negotiated in Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812 The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory. The issue of impressment was not addressed, but faded on its own. Battle of New Orleans Fought after the treaty was signed (but not ratified) Why was New Orleans important? Pirates and Frontiersman fought alongside US troops Made Andrew Jackson a National hero and household name Ensured treaty ratification If The War of 1812 ended in a tie, why was it important? Gave the United States a National Identity We were able to hold our own against the British Started us thinking about continuing westward expansion Ended bad feelings toward the British Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen Annexation of Texas Many Texans want to join the U.S. after it became independent. Mexico warned the U.S. to not annex, or take control of, Texas President Polk offered to buy California Mexicans were convinced the U.S. intended to take the entire continent. They refused to sell California. President Polk http://teachpol.tcnj.edu/amer_pol_hist /fi/00000098.jpg http://www.kwanah.com/txmilmus/flags/eaglemt.htm The War Begins April 25, 1846 Mexican and American forces clashed in disputed territory Texas boundary dispute 11 American soldiers killed U.S. declared war two days later American armies moved into California, New Mexico, and Texas to defend territories California and New Mexico surrendered http://www.kwanah.com/txmilmus/flags/eaglemt.htm Mexican American War: Invading Mexico Zachary Taylor at his encampment during the Mexican War Zachary Taylor led 6,000 U.S. troops into Mexico Santa Ana led an army of 20,000 Both met near Monterey in 1847 Santa Ana retreated http://www.exploredc.org/images/presidents/12_02.jpg Battles Winfield Scott led navy to Vera Cruz and captured it on March 27 with 10,000 troops Mexican army made a last stand at Chapultapec Castle, Sept. 13, 1847 Los Niño's Heroes Mexico surrendered February 2, 1848 Battle ofVera Cruz fought in March of 1847 http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~sunnyann/veracruz.gif The Mexican-American War, 1846-1848 http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/nashbrief_awl/chapter13/medialib/nash-visual22.gif American Territorial Acquisition Emigrant party on the road to California http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Images/west.jpg Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Officially ended the Mexican- American War in 1848 Mexican Cession included present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, & parts of Arizona, New Mexico, & Wyoming Mexico was paid $15 Million Another $3 million in debt was forgiven Increased Size of the U.S. by almost 25% http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/forts/images/treaty.html Settlement Mexicans in the cession areas were “protected in the free enjoyment of their liberty and property, and secured in the free exercise of their religion.” Americans began to flood into the Southwest Discrimination forced many Mexicans out of the territory High Taxes & Racism Mexican Cession http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/mexican_cession.jpg Oregon Britain agreed to split Oregon territory with the U.S. in 1846 along the 49th parallel Oregon becomes a territory in 1848 http://z.about.com/d/geography/1/0/d/B/5440map.jpg Gadsden Purchase of 1853 U.S. paid Mexico $10 million for southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico. This land was needed for the expansion of the Railroads. http://www.discoverseaz.com/Graphics/History/Gadsden_Purchase.gif Manifest Destiny is Fulfilled The belief that the United States, having the best government and culture in the world, had the right and duty to control all lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific. It was also based on racism, that Americans were superior to Indians and Mexicans, which meant they had the right to these lands. http://www.colorado.edu/AmStudies/lewis/west/westwardho.jpg Questions How did President Polk avoid war with Britain over Oregon? What were the causes & result of the Mexican-American War? How was the United States able to fulfill it’s “Manifest Destiny” through the Mexican-American War? Causes of Spanish American War American Sympathy towards Cuban Fight for Freedom against Spanish Rule “Butcher” Weyler forced 300,000 Cuban Rebels into concentration camps Monroe Doctrine – chance to get Spain out of Western Hemisphere Economic Interests – sugar plantations Yellow Journalism – American Press got American’s behind going to war Spark: Sinking of the USS Maine Yellow Journalism A type of journalism that distorts and exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers William Randolph Hearst New York Journal vs Joseph Pulitzer. New York World 1.What is most noticeable about the example? 2. How is this media making people feel? 3. How would this influence or change peoples mind? Characteristics of Yellow Journalism Characteristics of Yellow Journalism: Headlines in huge print, often of minor news Many pictures, or imaginary drawings use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, and false information from so-called experts dramatic sympathy with the "underdog" against the system. Emotional words and symbols; scare tactics Does Yellow Journalism Still Exist? Important Events Sinking of the USS Maine 266 US Servicemen are killed Blamed on a Spanish mine Admiral Dewey – Surprise attack on the Spanish Fleet in Manila Harbor All Spanish Ships are Sunk Spanish Defeated in Battle of San Juan Hill T. Roosevelt led the “Rough Riders” to victory Spain signs Treat of Paris Ending the War Effects of the Spanish American War US becomes an Imperialist Power Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines become colonies of the US Cuba gains its independence from Spain, but becomes a US Protectorate US will “protect” and partially control Cuba Philippine rebels wanting independence declare war on US Primary Source Websites Examine one war and choose the website that associates with that conflict. Pick one primary source from that website and describe “Who, What, When, Where and Why” as it relates to your source. You will present your source as time allows. These write ups will be collected. BE SURE TO CITE YOUR SOURCE (DATE-AUTHOR-TITLE, HYPERLINK) War of 1812- http://library.mtsu.edu/tps/sets/Primary_Source_Set-War_of_1812.pdf Mexican American War http://www.dmwv.org/mexwar/documents/docs.htm Spanish American War https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets /spanish-american-war/pdf/teacher_guide.pdf Pg 5-6