Transcript Latin American and North American

By: Paige Shrum
Monroe Doctrine
• The Monroe Doctrine was articulated in
President James Monroe's seventh annual
message to Congress on December 2, 1823.
• The European powers, according to
Monroe, were obligated to respect the
Western Hemisphere as the United States'
sphere of interest.
Monroe Doctrine
• The Monroe Doctrine is the best known
U.S. policy toward the Western
Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual
message delivered to Congress by
President James Monroe in December
1823
• The doctrine warns European nations
that the United States would not tolerate
further colonization or puppet monarchs.
Monroe Doctrine
• The Monroe Doctrine was invoked in
1865 when the U.S. government exerted
diplomatic and military pressure in
support of the Mexican President Benito
Juárez.
• In 1895, Grover Cleveland attempted to
invoke the Monroe Doctrine to compel the
British to accept arbitration in a border
dispute between Venezuela and British
Guiana
Monroe Doctrine
• In 1962, the Monroe Doctrine was
invoked symbolically when the Soviet
Union began to build missile-launching
sites in Cuba.
• Theodore Roosevelt devised what
became known as the Roosevelt
Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. In it,
Roosevelt acknowledged that at times,
chaos in a small country could
necessarily lead to the intervention of a
great power, and that in the Western
Hemisphere, that great power would
always be the United States.
Monroe Doctrine
• The countries of Latin America found that
they had much more reason to fear
intervention by the United States than by any
European power.
th
19
Century
• 1819-22 * US pushes Spain to relinquish its claim
to Florida, which becomes a territory of the US.
• 1835-45 * Anglo-American settlers in Texas
revolt against Mexico, establish an independent
nation, and finally join the United States.
• 1840s * Rise of Manifest Destiny, the belief by
many Americans that westward and outward
expansionism represented God's plan for the
nation.
• 1865 * US mobilizes troops along the Mexican
border as a threat to the French occupying army of
Louis Napoleon, whose troops arrived there in
1862.
• 1898 * Spanish-American War / US intervention
in Cuba US takes control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and
the Philippines.
th
20
Century
•1906-09 * Under the Platt Amendment, US forces occupy Cuba and
direct its political and economic development.
• 1915-34 * US Marines intervene in Haiti.
• 1918 * US army lands in Panama to protect United Fruit
plantations.
• 1926-33 * US Marines occupy Nicaragua and fight against the
nationalistic forces led by Augusto Cesar Sandino.
• 1954 * CIA overthrows constitutional government of Jacobo
Arbenz in Guatemala.
th
20
Century Cont.
• 1965 * US forces, fearing a Communist
takeover, occupy Dominican Republic.
• 1983 * Reagan orders US forces to invade
the island of Grenada to halt Cuban work on
an airstrip.
• 12/1989 * George Bush orders "Operation
Just Cause," the invasion of Panama to
capture CIA collaborator and dictator Manuel
Noriega.
• 1990s * High levels of drug trafficking,
massive foreign debt, economic dependency,
rain forest and coral reef destruction, illegal
immigration to the US, and other problems
continue to face the US and Latin America.