Transcript Boom and Collapse - Watertown City School District

Bellringer
Provide 2 examples of
Whatpeople
effecttodid
Thomas
Paine’s
Urged
become
independent
from
Great Britain
Common
Sense pamphlet have
government during the
Colonial Period
on the American Public? (late
1700s)
Mayflower Compact and House of
American attempts of self
Burgesses
Shay’s Rebellion last for a year because
the
government
too weak.
The
How
do Shay’swas
Rebellion
and
the
Whiskey Rebellion lasted less than a
Whiskey rebellion differ from
month before President Washington
each other?
crushed it
Bellringer
Mayflower Compact and House of
Burgesses
What is Normalcy?
Urged people to become independent
What was the supreme Court
from Great Britain
Decision in Dred Scott vs
Sandford?
Shay’s Rebellion last for a year because
was Teddy
Roosevelt’s
the What
government
was too
weak. The
domestic
policy
nicknamed?
Whiskey
Rebellion
lasted
less than a
his Washington
foreign
month What
beforeabout
President
crushed(imperialism)
it
policy?
Bellringer
You must be tried with a crime when
What does Habeas Corpus
arrested
mean?
Democracies value their rights, but to
do democracies
fear
beWhy
communist
you must give up
those
rights
communists?
Whatthat
was
the adecision
Speech
creates
“Clear andin
Present
Danger”
is not
protectedv
the court
case
Schenck
Rights are not absolute
United States?
Bellringer
How did we gain
Louisiana? Texas?
Louisiana- Purchased from France
Texas- freed by treaty of the
Mexican American War to make it
an independent Nation
What were the 4 MAIN
Causes of WWI? Why did the
US enter?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Freedom of the seas and Safety of
democracy
WELCOME BACK!!
What two presidents
were in power during the
Great Depression?
How did Americans feel about
Immigrants during the early
1900s? Why?
Herbert Hoover
Anti immigrant- or nativist
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Many felt that immigrants were
stealing American jobs and
keeping wages low.
Boom and Collapse
After WWI American businesses went through a
boom, supported by unstable business practices
Normalcy
Americans were sick of war and felt that a return to isolation and
neutrality was the best way to go. President William G. Harding ran on a
campaign of Normalcy, promising to focus on America. Harding even
pardoned Eugene Debs from prison, and supported anti-lynching
legislation.
NormalcyReturning America to
isolation and
neutrality
Harding’s scandals
Despite promising normalcy, Harding’s administration became known for
greed and scandal. He was known for giving government jobs to his
What other president was known for his policy of
supporters.
giving government jobs to unqualified supporters?
Andrew Jackson- spoils system
Teapot Dome Scandal
Harding selected Albert Fall for his Secretary of Interior, whose duties
include the management and conservation of Federal lands. However, Albert
Fall accepted bribes Which
to lease federal
lands to gas andwas
oil companies, allowing
US president
them to drill for oil on federal reserve lands.
responsible for setting aside 150
million acres of American land for
conservation?
Teddy Roosevelt
President Coolidge
President Harding died in office from a heart attack, leaving his Vice
President, Calvin Coolidge in charge. Coolidge believed it was the
government’s job to support and serve American Businesses. Soon, Laissez
Faire was again the government policy, reducing government’s role in
business.
Good Times
The people of the 1920’s
The people of the 1920’s were known for their freer lifestyles and emphasis on
also
known for
consumer goods. Radios and movies were popular ways were
to pass the
time. Mickey
Mouse and Charlie Chaplin were major stars of the ’20s. Thousands even arrived each
spending
money freely.
week to watch men like Babe Ruth play America’s sport:
Baseball
Recent raises and wide
spread installment buying
(credit) allowed
Americans to buy more
and more
Al Capone
As Bootleggers and Speakeasies gained massive profits, organized crime rings
fought for control. American cities were a battle ground of gangsters fighting with
sawed-off shotguns and machine guns. The most notorious was Al Capone from
Chicago. Capone made an average of $60 million a year from bootlegging alone,
allowing him to bribe police and politicians. After years avoiding arrest, the FBI, led
by J. Edgar Hoover, managed to convict Al Capone of Tax Evasion.
Scopes Trial
Just as Prohibition was influenced by Religion, the Scopes Trial was also based in
Christian beliefs. John Scopes, a Biology Teacher in Tennessee taught Darwin’s
theory of Evolution to his students. Scopes
knowingly violated a state ban which forbade
teaching evolution. The trial grabbed national
attention, and was even broadcast on the radio.
Ultimately the trial was a conflict between
traditional fundamentalism and modern
culture. Scopes was convicted and fined $100.
I say Genevieve in
this evolution caseare they trying to
class men with
monkeys—or
monkeys with men
The Farmers’ Struggle
While life in the cities improved, small, private farmers were hurt by the end of WWI.
During the war, American farmers increased production by buying land and machines on
loans. After the war ended, overproduction caused the prices to drop. Unable to pay
back their loans, many farmers lost their farms to bankruptcy.
Red Scare 1918-1919
In November 1917 a Communist Revolution took place in Russia. The
Communist system was hostile to American values and capitalism, and
freedoms. By 1918 an intense fear of communism swept America, and
communists were sought out for deportation.
Red= Communism
Red Scare= Fear of
Communism
Palmer Raids
During the Red Scare, Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer coordinated raids in
35 cities across America. Police, without warrants, raided communist
headquarters. In total 4,000 Americans were arrested but never charged with a
crime, violating Habeas Corpus. The Red Scare and Palmer Raids effectively
limited free speech from fear.
Sacco and Vanzetti
America’s fear of communism spread into a general distrust of immigrants.
Exemplifying this distrust was the case of Sacco and Vanzetti, admitted
anarchists (want no government). When two men were killed during a robbery,
police arrested Sacco and Vanzetti with no solid evidence. A search found guns,
including one in the same model as the murder weapon. The pair were
convicted of murder and executed.
What American President limited
Civil Liberties by suspending Habeas
Corpus?
Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War
Review
After World War I, why did American farmers fail to share in
the general economic growth of the United states?
1. Many immigrants were settling in the west and
competing with the farmers
2. The Federal Government reduced the number of acres
on which farmers could grow subsidized crops
3. Farmers could not produce enough to keep up with
demand
4. Overproduction and competition caused falling prices
Review
The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s was a period when
African Americans
1. Left the United States in large numbers to settle in
Nigeria
2. Created noteworthy works of art and literature
3. Migrated to the West in search of land and jobs
4. Used civil disobedience to fight segregation in the
Armed Forces
Review
Public disregard for Prohibition and for laws prohibiting
gambling indicates that
1. The American film industry has great influence on public
opinion
2. The system of checks and balances does not work
3. Attempts to legislate public morality may be met with
strong resistance
4. American citizens have little, if any, respects for laws.
Review
The 1920s are sometimes called the “roaring Twenties”
because
1. Foreign trade prospered after World War I
2. The United States assumed a leadership role in world
affairs
3. Political reforms made government more democratic
4. Widespread social and economic change occurred
Review
Which events best support the image of the 1920s as a
decade of nativist sentiment?
1. The passage of the National Origins Act and the rise of
the Ku Klux Klan
2. The Scopes trial and the passage of women’s suffrage
3. The Washington Naval Conference and the KelloggBriand Pact
4. The growth of the auto industry and the Teapot Dome
Affair
Review
The economic boom and financial speculation of the 1920s
were caused in part by
1. Installment buying and an unregulated stock market
2. The expansion of civil rights to women and minorities
3. The mobilization of the economy for war
4. Increased government restrictions on big business
Review
Which conclusion can be drawn from the occurrence of the
Red Scare and the decision of the Supreme Court in Schenck
v. United States?
1. Immigrants to the United States are consistently denied
equal protection under the law
2. A person’s best protection from persecution rests with
the Supreme Court
3. Civil rights are sometimes compromised by the public’s
fear of radical political groups
4. Violent protests in the United States are usually met
with a violent response from the government
Review
The date in the chart support the idea that the immigration laws of 1921 and 1924
were primarily designed to
1.
2.
3.
4.
Stop illegal entry into the country
Admit skilled workers
Encourage immigration from southern Europe
Reduce immigration from specific regions
1930’s Great Depression
Caused by fundamental weaknesses in the economy, like
buying on margin (credit), the Stock market crash resulted
in widespread panic, unemployment and discontent.
Stock market CRASH
After years of buying on margin, paying only a little and using profit to pay off the
rest, the Stock Market crashed. Companies called in the debts owed, and few
could pay them. This led to panic selling and on October 29 (Black Tuesday), stocks
fell $14 billion. The plunge continued until July 1932 when they bottomed out,
89% lower than 1929.
Hoovervilles
Unable to pay for shelter, many families lived in unheated shacks built from
cardboard, tin or crates. These communities were called Hoovervilles, in honor
of the president who did nothing to help, Herbert Hoover.
The Dust Bowl
Farmers, already affected by low food prices after WWI, were hurt as Americans could
no longer buy food. To make matters worse, the Midwest experienced extreme
drought. The drought and poor farming methods resulted in giant dust storms. Texas,
Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico were widely affected. Due to the
Farmers
plots
of land
drought many “okies”
moved tocleared
California huge
in search
of work.
What occurred during WWI that
contributed to the Dust Bowl?
to grow more food. Plants are
needed to hold water in the soil
Herbert Hoover
Hoover took office in 1929, and had a reputation
for helping Europe financially recover after WWI.
To help America, Hoover:
-”Prosperity is just around the corner”
-trickle down effect
-Reconstruction Finance Corporation
lent money to RxR companies
and banks
-halted war payments from European
nations
-raised taxes to boost government funds
Hoover’s Bonus Army
During WWI soldiers had been promised a Bonus for their service. However,
the bonus wasn’t due for a few more years. In the summer of 1932,
thousands of former soldiers and their families gathered in Washington D.C.
to push congress to release the funds early. Congress denied the request,
and the soldiers refused to leave. Hoover ordered the Army to force the
veterans to leave.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
“I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American People”
In 1932 FDR was elected as president, and would remain in office until his
death in 1945. FDR instantly inspired confidence and support in the
American people. Using his “fireside Chats” on the radio, Roosevelt
reached out to the people in their own homes to tell them his plans.
However, despite achieving success in handling the economic Crisis,
Roosevelt is accused of gaining dictator like powers.
New Deal
To combat the problems of the Great Depression
Roosevelt promised a New Deal for the American
people. His goals were simple:
-relief for suffering Americans
-recovery for the economy
-reform to avoid future depressions
In order to get his New Deal programs started, Congress
had to approve each one:
-Emergency Banking Act
-Federal Emergency Relief Act
-Public Works Administration
-Civilian Conservation Corps
-Works Progress Administration
Bank Reforms
The Emergency Banking Act called for a bank holiday to stop the collapse of the
banking system. Banks were closed until their practices were examined for good
business practices.
Additionally, the Glass-Steagall Banking Act created the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC). The FDIC originally guaranteed deposits of up to $5,000 (today
$250,000)
Jobs for Americans
Roosevelt supported federal projects to create jobs. He created several groups
dedicated to this cause:
Public Works Administration (PWA)- provides jobs through construction
projects like bridges, buildings, houses and schools.
Civilian Conservation Corps- Hired 2.5 million young men(18-25) to conserve
natural resources.
Works Progress Administration- replaced direct aid
with works projects but limited employment to
one person per family. Created jobs in
construction, services and culture.
Relief, recovery and reform
Congress also passed a wide range of recovery programs:
-National Industrial Recovery Act (NRA)- government set prices, wages and hours.
(unconstitutional)
-Home owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)- helped owners keep homes out of
foreclosure
-First Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)- raise farmers income by cutting surplus
through paying farmers to not plant or to kill animals
-Federal Housing Administration (FHA)- provided mortgages
at low interest rates and down payment of 10%
Wagner Act
Roosevelt wanted workers to form unions to protect themselves. To accomplish
this the Wagner Act was passed, allowing workers themselves to balance the
power of big business. Unions grew to 7 million within 3 years of the Wagner
Act’s passage. Soon both the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress
of Industrial Organizations (CIO) were helping workers fight big business. Sit
down strikes became a major force (stay in plant but refuse to work)
Wagner Act guaranteed collective
Bargaining Rights for all union
members and employees
New Deal Controversies
Despite the benefits of the New Deal “Alphabet Soup” many criticized the
president for over reaching his power and influences. However, Roosevelt was a
man of action who followed the Populist and Progressive philosophies that the
government should solve economic and social problems.
Dams and TVA
The Tennessee Valley Authority provided jobs, cheap electricity and flood control
to poor rural areas. The TVA built dams on the Tennessee River and was widely
praised as a benefit. However, others saw it as “creeping Socialism”, where the
government directly assists American citizens.
Socialismeconomic and political system
based on public ownership of the
means of production (factories,
resources, transportation)
Court Packing
With the Supreme Court vetoing many of his New Deal programs, FDR asked Congress
to approve a law that would allow the president to increase the number of judges
from 9 to 15. This would have allowed the president to add judges that would pass his
New Deal programs. Ultimately it was never passed because it threatened the
separation of powers and Checks and Balances.
Third Term??
As Roosevelt’s second term came to a close, he decided to run for
reelection. This raised questions on the constitutionality of a president
serving more than 2 terms, which was the precedent set by George
Washington. Roosevelt died in his 4th term, and shortly after Congress
passed
theare
22nd Amendment,
limiting
presidents
to 2 terms.
What
the benefits
and
disadvantages
of
having a 2 term limit?
Deficit Spending
Another criticism of the New Deal was that it used public funds to fund the
New Deal programs. The federal debt soared, and a policy of using federal
funds to finance public assistance programs was established.
The Depression ends with WWII
While the New Deal did help Americans, the depression did not end until World
War II increased production. Roosevelt restored American confidence in the
government, and increased government power. Additionally, the Federal deficit
grew under Roosevelt. Finally, the New Deal also established the right of Unions to
exist and guaranteed collective bargaining.
Review
A significant cause of the Great Depression of the 1930’s
was that
1. Some banking policies were unsound and had led to the
overseas expansion of credit
2. A decrease in protective tariffs had opened American
business to competition from abroad
3. A wave of violent strikes had paralyzed the major
industries
4. Consumer goods were relatively inexpensive
Review
One difference between the administrations of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Herbert Hoover is that
Roosevelt was
1. Unwilling to allow government agencies to establish job
programs
2. Unable to win congressional support for his economic
programs
3. Able to ignore economic issues for most of his first term
in office
4. More willing to use government intervention and
resources to solve economic problems
Review
In the 1920s, which economic factor led to the great
Depression?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lack of investment in the stock market
Attempt by the United States to promote free trade
Failure to develop new consumer goods industries
Overproduction of farm products and manufactured
goods
Review
In the 1930s, one factor that accounted for the westward
migration of farmers from the Great Plains was
1. High farm prices
2. New technologies
3. The Dust Bowl
4. The baby Boom
Review
President Franklin Roosevelt’s response to Supreme Court
decisions that declared several New Deal laws
unconstitutional was to
1. Ask Congress to limit the Court’s jurisdiction
2. Propose legislation to increase the size of the Court
3. Demand the resignation of several justices
4. Ignore the Court’s rulings
Review
The National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935
gave labor unions the right to
1. Represent workers in collective bargaining
2. Insist on an open shop in the workplace
3. Establish quotas on immigration
4. Use blacklists and yellow dog contracts
Review
How was the situation illustrate in the
cartoon resolved?
1. The United States entered WWII
after the attack on Pearl Harbor
2. The Supreme Court used its power
of Judicial Review
3. Congress rejected the president’s
plan to pack the Supreme Court
4. The President vetoed Congress’s
attempt to reform the judiciary
system
Review
The Dust Bowl experiences of the Oklahoma Farmers
during the Great Depression demonstrated the
1. Effect of geography on people’s lives
2. Success of government farm subsidies
3. Limitations of civil liberties during times of crisis
4. Result of the Indian Removal Act
Review
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), established
during the New Deal, were important because they
1. Increased the supply of money in the economy
2. Guarantee loans to failing businesses and banks
3. Attempted to restore public confidence in financial
institutions
4. Provided grants to unemployed workers
Review
Which event is most closely associated with the end of the
Great Depression?
1. Passage of the social security Act
2. Beginning of World War II
3. Reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940
4. Announcement of the Marshall Plan