Transcript The Middle East

FSMS
7th Grade Social Studies; Unit 2
Change (U. S. Involvement)
September 20th – 22nd; Days 20 - 21
Georgia Standard SS7H2(d)
Standard
SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in
Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century.
(d) Explain U.S. presence and interest in Southwest Asia;
include the Persian Gulf conflict, invasions of Afghanistan and
Iraq.
AGENDA: Progress Reports will go home on Friday;
9/23/11. History of SWA Quiz is re-scheduled
for Wednesday; September 28th. Study Guides
will be distributed tomorrow 9/22/11.
E.Q. Wednesday; 9/21/11: What is the United
States ongoing interest in maintaining stability in
Southwest Asia?
Standard: The U.S. military presence in SWA
including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of
Iraq and Afghanistan.
TODAY WE WILL
1. Quiz Review
2. Start the history of the Gulf Wars in Iraq & the
war in Afghanistan.
AGENDA: Progress Reports will go home tomorrow.
Study Guides for next Wednesday’s Quiz on SWA
History will be distributed today.
E.Q. Thursday; 9/22/11: What are the two goals
that the terrorist group al-Qaeda is trying to
achieve?
Standard: The U.S. military presence in SWA
including the Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of
Iraq and Afghanistan.
TODAY WE WILL
1. Finish the history of the Gulf Wars in Iraq & the
war in Afghanistan.
AGENDA: Progress Reports will go home today. Have parents
sign & return on Monday. Make file cards with your Study
Guides for next Wednesday’s (multiple choice) Quiz on SWA
History.
E.Q. Friday; 9/23/11: What was the reason given by
President Bush for the 2nd Iraq War?
Standard: The U.S. military presence in SWA including the
Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan.
TODAY WE WILL
1.
Finish the history of the Gulf Wars in Iraq & the war in
Afghanistan.
AGENDA: Turn in signed Progress Reports today. Make file
cards with your Study Guides for Wednesday’s (multiple
choice) Quiz on SWA History. Turn-in E.Q.’s for last week.
E.Q. Monday; 9/26/11: What is the connection between
Literacy Rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?
Standard: The U.S. military presence in SWA including the
Persian Gulf conflict and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan.
TODAY WE WILL
1.
Finish the history of the two wars in Iraq & the War on
Terror in Afghanistan.
2.
Introduce Literacy Rate and GDP
U.S Presence and Interest
The United States has had significant political and
economic interests in Southwest Asia for over 200
years.
Vast supplies of oil are found in this area, oil that is
critical to United States energy needs.
Since the end of World War I, the United States has
played an important role in diplomacy following the
break-up of the Ottoman Empire.
U.S Presence and Interest
The U.S. support for the creation of the state of Israel
in 1948 also focused attention on this part of the
world.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
1991 Iraq War
In August 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait in an effort to
control Kuwait’s large oil reserves.
The leader of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, claimed that
Kuwait was taking more than they were allowed
from shared oil fields. He also claimed that when
the Ottoman Empire was broken-up at the end of
World War I, the area that became Kuwait should
have been part of Iraq.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
1991 Iraq War cont.
The creation of the country of Iraq in 1920 meant
that Iraq no longer had any coastline on the Persian
Gulf.
The United States was concerned about the invasion
of Kuwait because the United States gets a large
portion of its imported oil from Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
1991 Iraq War cont.
Kuwait belonged to the United Nations, a world
organization that will come to the aid of a member
nation that is attacked without cause by another
country.
The United Nations voted to raise a military force to
liberate Kuwait from the Iraqi invasion.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
1991 Iraq War cont.
Because of the threat to the oil supply, the United
States sent troops to be part of this United Nations
military force to drive Iraq out of Kuwaiti territory.
This effort was known as the Persian Gulf War, or
Operation Desert Storm.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
1991 Iraq War cont.
Thirty-nine countries joined in and within three
months, by February 1991, the Iraqi government
accepted a truce and agreed to withdraw from
Kuwait.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
The War on Terror
The terrorist group, al-Qaeda, carried out the 9/11
attacks on New York. Osama bin Laden leads alQaeda and was the mastermind behind the attacks.
Al-Qaeda began as a resistance movement against
Russia’s invasion of Afghanistan during the late
1970’s and early 80’s.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
The War on Terror cont.
However, once the Russians withdrew, the group
turned its focus to advancing a radical form of
Islam.
Al-Qaeda’s interpretation of Islam calls for expelling
foreigners from the holy lands. It also seeks to
overthrow corrupt countries in Southwest Asia.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
The War on Terror cont.
To accomplish these goals, al-Qaeda also calls for
the destruction of any state it feels supports these
corrupt countries.
Among the nations it hopes to destroy are Israel and
the United States, plus other western European
nations.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
The War on Terror cont.
As a response to 9/11, President Bush declared a
U.S. War on Terror.
Bush stated that the United States would go after
foreign terrorists rather than waiting for them to
attack again.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Terrorism in the Middle East
Because SWA is filled with so much religious and
political history, people there are very passionate
about their beliefs.
Sometimes people can take these beliefs to harmful
extremes.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Terrorism in the Middle East
Terrorist groups are extremist people who believe in
something so much, they are willing to use
violence to achieve their goal.
Terrorism is a large problem in Southwest Asia.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Terrorism in the Middle East
Here are some of the most dangerous terrorist
groups.
1.
Al Qaeda (Afghanistan)
2.
Al-Jihad (Egypt)
3.
Abu Nidal Organization (Iraq)
4.
Kach and Kahane Chai (Israel)
5.
Hezbollah (Lebanon)
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Terrorism in the Middle East
Al Qaeda: Its goals are to create Islamic
governments all over the world and to get rid of
western influences in Muslim countries.
Al-Jihad: Its goal is to overthrow the Egyptian
government and replace it with an Islamic state.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Terrorism in the Middle East
Abu Nidal Organization: Its goal is to create a
Palestinian state in place of Israel.
Kach and Kahane Chai: Its goal is to restore the
Israelite state as described in the Bible.
Hezbollah: Its goal is to gain power in Lebanon to
oppose Israel & Middle East peace agreements.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Afghanistan War
Intelligence sources identified an organization
known as Al-Qaeda, or the Force, as the group of
terrorists that planned and carried out the attack
on the Twin Towers on 9/11.
Its leader was a man who was born in Saudi Arabia
named Osama bin-Laden. His family was very
wealthy and he used his money to finance this
organization.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Afghanistan War cont.
One of the aims of Al-Qaeda is to bring about an end
to western influence in the Middle East.
Intelligence sources in the United States government
believed that the radical Muslim government of
Afghanistan, the Taliban, allowed Al-Qaeda to hide
in the mountains of their country.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Afghanistan War cont.
The United States launched a series of attacks on
these mountain hideouts in October 2001 in an
attempt to capture bin-Laden and destroy his
organization.
United States troops were also sent in and the
government of the Taliban collapsed.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Afghanistan War cont.
Since 2001, the United States military have continued
fighting in Afghanistan in an attempt to find binLaden and destroy his organization.
The United States is also working to help the people
of Afghanistan reorganize their government.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
2nd Iraq War
In 2003, the United States launched an invasion of
Iraq, after claiming that the Iraqi government led
by Saddam Hussein, was developing nuclear
weapons (weapons of mass destruction or WMD)
and offering aid to groups like Al-Qaeda.
The United States called this military action
Operation Iraqi Freedom.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
2nd Iraq War
The government of Saddam Hussein collapsed
quickly because many of the Iraqis also felt he was
a cruel leader.
However, problems followed as the United States did
not have a plan ready to help reorganize and
rebuild the country once the old government was
gone.
U.S Presence and Interest cont.
Iraq War cont.
American forces have remained in Iraq ever since,
trying to stop the fighting between different
religious (Sunni and Shia) and ethnic groups (Arabs
and Kurds) who are competing with each other for
power as they try to organize a new government.