Transcript Richard Nixon 1968-1974 - Ryan Reynolds

EQ: Trace the origin of Latinos in the United
States and how did Latinos campaign for civil
rights and economic justice in the 1960’s?
Latino= AMERICANS of
Latin American descent

 During the 1960’s many
Latinos encountered
Prejudice and
DISCRIMINATION.
 They lived in
SEGREGRATED
neighborhoods called
“BARRIO”= Spanish
speaking neighborhoods.
 Latinos demanded EQUAL
opportunity and respect for
their CULTURE and
HERITAGE.
 Latinos are a large and
DIVERSE group.
 1940’s-1960’s, the Latino
population grew from 3
Million to more than 9
MILLION.
 Latinos have come to the
United States primarily from
MEXICO, CUBA, PUERTO
RICO, Dominican Republic,
South America and Central
America.
I. Latino Origins

1. MEXICAN Americans=
1848 Mexico ceded California and Southwest territories to
the U.S. after the Mexican American war.100,000
Mexicans living in this region are now FOREIGNERS
1910-1920’s Mexican revolution approx. 1 MILLION
immigrants.
1930’s: Repatriation
1940-1960’s BRACERO Program= importation of
temporary workers from Mexico est. 7 MILLION more
making permanent residence in US.
Latino Origins Con’t

PUERTO Ricans=
CUBAN American=
1898 P.R.’s began
1959 Cubans began
immigrating to the US
settling in New York
after the occupation of
and FLORIDA to flee
the island during the
Fidel Castro’s
SPANISH American War
Communist rule
350,000 by 1974
900,000 P.R’s were living
in the U.S. by 1960—half
a million live in New
York
Operation Peter Pan
14,000 kids

1980 Mariel Boatlift

125,000 refugees

A. The Farm Workers Movement= Latinos
fight for EQUALITY and better ECONOMIC
conditions

1. 1962 Cesar Chavez and
Delores HUERTA
established the United
Farm Workers (UFW).
They believed farm workers
had to UNIONIZE
STRIKES--in order to gain
more strength to BARGAIN or
negotiate for better conditions
and pay.
A. The Farm Workers Movement= Latinos
fight for EQUALITY and better ECONOMIC
conditions

1. Chavez believed in nonviolent economic
BOYCOTTS (grapes) and
MARCHES (Delano to
Sacramento) (18:35-24:25)
By 1970 the UFW was
finally recognized and
negotiated for higher
WAGES and other
benefits.
B. Culture Pride= Latinos focus on
HERITAGE and EDUCATION

Young Mexicans began to
call themselves
“CHICANOS or
Chicanas”—
In the 1960s "Chicano" was
accepted as a symbol of
self-determination and
ethnic PRIDE.
B. Culture Pride= Latinos focus on HERITAGE
and EDUCATION (3:00-16:18)

 “BROWN power” movements
were inspired across the
country  BLACK power and
farm worker movements.
 Action group called the
“BROWN BERETS” organized
student walkouts—
 They demanded smaller
classes, more Chicano
TEACHERS and
administrators.
B. Culture Pride= Latinos focus on
HERITAGE and EDUCATION

In 1968, congress passed
the Bilingual
EDUCATION Act,
which provided funds
for schools to develop
bilingual and CULTURE
heritage programs.
C. Political Power=Latinos began to organize
POLTICALLY (0:00-5:23)

1. Mexican American
Political Association
(MAPA)
Created as a means to
elect Mexican American
to POLITICAL OFFICE
Helped ELECT 8
members in the H.O.R.
and 1 senator from
New Mexico.
C. Political Power=Latinos began to organize
POLTICALLY

 2. LULAC (The League of United
Latin American Citizens)
 Fought to de-SEGREGATE public
schools throughout the southwest
 LAWSUITS filed in the courts
 Legal VICTORIES included the
1947 MENDEZ v. Westminster
Court ruling 
 Declared that segregating children
of "Mexican and Latin descent“
was UNCONSTITUTIONAL
C. Political Power=Latinos began to organize
POLTICALLY

3. La RAZA UNIDA
(Mexican-American United
PARTY)
Founded as an alternative to
the two party system
Won ELECTIONS for
mayors, city council, and
school boards
throughout the Southwest
U.S. (50:02—53:57)