Transcript Cold War Powerpoint File

Bellwork
Make a web of
everything you know
about Russia.
-
Government
Location
Economy
Culture
Etc…
Differences
USA

1.
2.
3.
4.
•

Truman
Pluralist
Democratic
Free Market Economy
USSR
1.
2.
3.
4.
Josef Stalin
Totalitarianism
Communism
Command Economy
Other factors that lead to declining relations between the US and USSR:
1. Stalin was upset that America waited to attack Germany
2. Stalin originally signed a “Non-aggression pact” with Germany
3. The US kept the “Manhattan Project” secret from the Russians
4. Russia was given no claim to Japan
5. Russia was left out of the Treaty of Versailles
Yalta Conference
Where?
- The Black Sea
 When?

- Feb. 1945
Who?
- “The Big Three” (Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt)
 Why?
- What to do with the soon to be defeated Germany

Yalta Conference

Stalin Wanted:
- harsh punishment
for Germany
- Germany split into
zones so that
Germany may not
hurt Russia in the
future.
Yalta Conference

Churchill Wanted:
-Disagreed with
dividing Germany
up into pieces.
Yalta Conference

Roosevelt Wanted:
- Russia’s help to
defeat Japan,
(A-bomb still
not created.)
Yalta Conference

The Outcome:
- Germany divided into 4 zones
(French, British, American, Russian)
- Russia agrees to engage Japan
- Stalin agrees to allow eastern
countries to vote
V-E Day: May 8, 1945
Potsdam Conference
1945
Potsdam Conference

Where?
- Potsdam, near Berlin

When?
- July 1945

Who?
- Stalin, Truman, Attlee

Why?
- To settle post WWII Europe
Potsdam Conference

Stalin Wanted:
- Reparations for
damages caused
by Germany
during WWII
Potsdam Conference

Truman Wanted:
- The spread of
democratic selfdetermining
nations
- To rebuild a
healthy Europe
- To have open
trade with
Eastern
Europe nations
($$$)
Potsdam Conference

The Outcome:
- Stalin tightens grip on eastern Europe
- USSR installs communist
governments in:
- Albania
- Czechoslovakia
- Bulgaria
- Romania
- Poland
"Communism and capitalism are incompatible- and another war is
inevitable"
- Stalin
East vs. West
Bell Work

Why do you think that Germany was divided
into four zones instead of remaining a full
country?
Yalta
Indirect Conflict

What is an Indirect
Conflict?
Indirect Conflict
“The bomb”

Kept secret from USSR

Possibilities For Use Against
Japan:
1) Save American lives
2) Keep USSR from having
the chance to claim portions
of Japan
3) Show USSR America’s
power.
Indirect Conflict
The “Bomb”

What effect did America’s use of the
“bomb” have on USSR?
- heightened tension between countries
- were given no claim to Japan
- Developed their own A-Bomb
- Both countries race towards finding
new more powerful weapons/ known
as “The Arms Race”
Indirect Conflict
“The Arms Race”
Indirect Conflict
Berlin Airlift
•
America, Great Britain, and France unite West Germany
Indirect Conflict
Berlin Airlift
• West Berlin was also united, no longer split between USA, France, & Britain
Indirect Conflict
Berlin Airlift

USSR’s Response:
-
Stalin closes all railways
and other supply
routes to West Berlin
- West Berliners began to
starve and freeze,
but USSR maintained
the blockade
Indirect Conflict
Berlin Airlift

Truman’s Options:
What to Do?
1) Use troops to reopen W.Berlin = risk the start of WW
III
2) Give W.Berlin to Stalin = encourage the spread of
communism
3) An airlift
Indirect Conflict
Berlin Airlift
 American/British Response:
- 11 months
- 227,000 flights
- air drop = 2.3 million tons of supplies
Indirect Conflict
Berlin Airlift

The Outcome:
-German/American
bond is formed
- American/British
plan forces the
blockade to be lifted
- Stalin lifts blockade
- America gains world
support while USSR
loses world opinion
Bell Work

How did the Berlin
Airlift fit the mold of a
Cold War struggle?
Indirect Conflict

Containment
- stop the spread of communism

The Iron Curtain
- Dividing East &
West
Indirect Conflict
Countries become interested in Communism
when they are poor or are in a depression
 Truman Doctrine
- Stopping the spread of Communism
- America began giving money to poor
countries
- America gave 400 Million to Greece and
Turkey

Indirect Conflict

Marshall Plan
- similar to containment
- By 1952, 13 billion dollars/year is
being given by the USA
- $$$ helps to keep communism from
spreading
Indirect Conflict

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Org.
- formed out of fear of USSR aggression (Berlin Blockade)
- 12 countries allied with each other
|Denmark, Belgium, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg,|
|Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, Portugal, USA,
Canada|
- USA ends isolationism (joins NATO)
Indirect Conflict

-
Warsaw Pact
USSR’s answer to
NATO
- Russia & Satellite
countries, & Poland,
Romania, Hungary,
Bulgaria, Albania,
Czechoslovakia, E.
Germany
Indirect Conflict
CIA

Central Intelligence Agency
- Began using spies to weaken governments unfriendly to
the US
Indirect Conflict
CIA

Iran
- took their oil fields back
- US boycotted Iranian goods
- Iran begins to suffer/ opens the door
for communism
- CIA steps in and supports overthrow
of Iranian leaders
- A pro-West leader goes into power
Indirect Conflict
 Guatemala
CIA
- Guatemalan leaders begin to give land away to peasants
- US believes Guatemala is turning to communism
- CIA trains an army of locals who overthrow the leaders of
Guatemala/ Army leader becomes dictator of Guatemala
Indirect Conflict
CIA

The Suez War
-
Egypt seeks USSR’s and US’s help to build a dam on the
Nile River
Egypt pits US against USSR
Britain, France, and Israel sent troops to seize the Suez
Canal
Western countries back down
-
Indirect Conflicts
Cuba
Bay of Pigs Invasion
 Cuban Missile Crisis

Indirect Conflict
Cuba

The Bay of Pigs Invasion
- CIA began training Cuban exiles for an
invasion of Cuba
- Invasion was aimed at toppling communist
dictator Fidel Castro
- Invasion failed
- USA was faced with public embarrassment
- Cuba seeks USSR’s help
Indirect Conflict
Cuban Missile Crisis







USSR sends missiles to Cuba to “protect” Cuba
USA spy plane sees USSR’s nuclear missiles in
Cuba
Kennedy warns USSR and Cuba
USA ships leave to intercept USSR ships
100,000 USA troops mass in Florida
The whole World holds its breath in fear of a
world wide NUCLEAR WAR
USSR backs down / removes missiles
Bell Work

Why is the Cuban Missile crisis a prime
example of a Cold War conflict?
Bell Work / Agenda/ Objectives
Review cold war notes for Quiz 2
 Quiz #2 on the Cold War
 Notes on Brinksmanship/ China/ Korea
 Video: “13 Days”
 Objectives:
 Recall/ activate prior Cold War knowledge
 Assess decisions/actions of key U.S.
figures during the Cuban Crisis

Indirect Conflict

The Arms Race
 Brinkmanship
taking events to the very limit
- The threat of using Nuclear bombs is the
deterrent.
- mutually assured destruction
-
Indirect Conflict
 The
Arms Race
-China civil war and Berlin crisis scare US
- National Security Council (NSC) recommends
military build up
- Truman approves $13 billion defense budget
*Arms Race = US must constantly increase Air Force,
Navy and Weaponry to stay ahead of Soviets
Indirect Conflicts

The Arms Race



Army decreases in size, Air Force becomes more
important
No need for conventional military with “brinkmanship”
policy
USA uses more $$$ for Nuclear programs / less $$$
for regular Army forces.
Indirect Conflict

China
- USA ally during WWII
- Chinese civil war takes place
- Communists (Mao Zedong) VS.
Nationalists (Chiang Kai-shek)
- USA spends 3 billion to help
Nationalists
- 1949 Peoples Republic of China
is formed (communist)
- USA is very embarrassed
DIRECT CONFLICT
Direct Conflict

The Korean War (1950)
- Korea divided following WWII
- Korean Civil War
- North Korea = Communist
- South Korea = Democratic
- N. Korea attacks S. Korea
Direct Conflict
Truman’s Response:
1) sends troops without congressional
approval
2) “Presidential War”
3) Asks UN for help, UN agrees to help
Direct Conflict

Korean War Begins for USA
- Gen. MacArthur leads USA invasion
1) USA pushes communists out of
Seoul (capital city)
2) Reclaims S. Korea
3) Continues fighting North
4) China warns they will attack if USA
approaches, MacArthur shrugs off warning
5) China pushes USA back
6) MacArthur is fired
7) Stalemate at the 38th parallel
VS.
Direct Conflict

Korean War Ends (1953)
- same boundaries
- USA spent 50 Billion on bombers and nukes
- built 750 Nuclear bombs
- cease fire and a demilitarized zone
(dmz)
Direct Conflict

U2 Spy Plane Incident (1960)
- USA denies using planes to spy of
USSR
- U2 shot down over USSR
- USSR shows the world that USA is
spying on them
- USA is embarrassed
- East and West further distrust each
other
Vietnam

Bell Work:
Why was the USA eager to become
involved in Vietnam? Explain your
answer.
Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam

Recent Vietnam History
- controlled by Japan during WWII
- controlled by France before/after
WWII
- War for Vietnam ensues:
-French are defeated
- country divided in half at the 17th
parallel
West
VS
Vietnam

American Policy “containment” = keep communism from
spreading

Domino Theory
- Belief that if any Indochina nation became
communist, they all would
Vietnam
Aspect
Leader
North Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
South Vietnam
Ngo Dinh Diem
Government
Pro-Communist
Anti-Communist
Communist
Supporters
Vietminh
Vietcong
Capital
Hanoi
Saigon
Vietnam
View on…
American Presidents
President Diem
Political:
Electing
government
officials
Favors democratic
process to elect officials
Canceled 1956 elections
Moral:
Religious
Freedom
Government does not
favor any one religion.
All faiths are allowed.
Favored Catholics,
persecuted Buddhists
Social: The
rights of
individuals
All people should be
treated fairly.
Led a corrupt
government that
oppressed peasants and
favored the rich
Vietnam
Date
Event
Significance
November 1,
1963
President Diem Assassinated
1st of many coups in S. Vietnam.
No stable gov’t in South.
August 7,
1964
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Congress gives LBJ broad military
power in Vietnam.
February
1965
Operation Rolling Thunder
Bombing Ho Chi Minh Trail in
North Vietnam
January 30,
1968
Tet Offensive
Vietcong counterattack shows US
was not near victory
March 16,
1968
My Lai Massacre
US image is damaged. US support
for the war weakens.
Vietnam
Date
Event
Significance
1969
Vietnamization
More South Vietnamese allows
more US troops to go home
April 30, 1970
US Invades Cambodia
US College students protest the
expansion of the war
June 1971
Pentagon Papers are
leaked to the public
Documents proved that LBJ lied
about his intentions before
entering the war
March 29, 1973
Last US troops leave
Vietnam
Anti-communist forces in the
South must fight the Vietcong
on their own.
March 1975
Saigon falls
Ho Chi Minh’s communist forces
win the Vietnam war

The Draft
Vietnam
1) Draft dodgers = avoid induction
into the armed forces
2) Conscientious Objectors =
legally avoided draft because
of religious beliefs
3) Draftees = large numbers of
poor and or African-American
Vietnam

Protests
- College students
- 4 students killed at Kent State riots
- Public Opposition
1964 – 24 % against the war
1973 – 60% against the war
Vietnam

The Aftermath:
America
- 58,000 dead
- Vietnam wall in D.C.
150 billion dollars spent
- Domestic mistrust
New foreign policy
Vietnam
- 2 million dead
- still communist
- Buildings, families, environments were
destroyed because of war, agent orange, and
napalm.
Vietnam
Carpet Bombing
Agent Orange
Vietnam

Writing:
Was the Vietnam War a limited war or a total war?
Was it ok for the USA to use agent orange,
carpet bombing, and other tactics to win the
war?
Bell Work

What do you think U.S. policy should be
concerning the volatile situation in Syria?
Foreign Policy
The End of the Cold War
(1991)
Foreign Policy
Henry Kissinger

Realpolitik
- evaluating foreign countries based on their power,
not their politics

Effects
-
USA no longer worries about small weak countries
becoming communist
USA begins negotiations with USSR
Foreign Policy
Richard M. Nixon

Détente
- a flexible foreign policy that
was aimed at easing the tension
between the USA and USSR

Effects
- Nixon visits communist China (1972)
- Nixon visits USSR (1972)
- SALT (Strategic arms limitation treaty)
Nixon & Brezhnev
Zedong & Nixon
Foreign Policy
Gerald R. Ford

Continuation of
Kissinger’s policies:
Effects
- Helsinki Accords = East
and West cooperation
USA
CHINA
USSR
Foreign Policy
Jimmy Carter



Human rights for individuals in all countries
Détente & Realpolitik are abandoned
Does not negotiate with terrorists
Effects
- helps USA relations with some
countries
- hurts USA relation with USSR
- 52 Americans held hostage in
Iran for 444 days
Bell Work

What are the two
most important
events that you
included on your
timeline? Explain
why.
Foreign Policy
Ronald Reagan

SDI (strategic defense initiative)
“Star Wars”
Effects
-Defense Dept. budget doubled
-Forced USSR to spend trillions of dollars
to keep up in the arms race
Foreign Policy
Mikhail Gorbachev
Glasnost – free speech in USSR
 Perestroika – less gov. control of economy

Effects
- first steps in establishing democracy in USSR
- Berlin Wall destroyed (1989)
- Tiananmen square protests in China (1989)
- 14 satellite nations leave USSR (1991)
Foreign Policy
Yeltsin & Bush Sr.

Cold War declared to be over (1992)

Start II treaty
Effects
- USA begins an alliance with Russia
- Nuclear arms to be reduced by 2/3
Foreign Policy
Read Nixon’s Foreign Policy Triumphs on
pages 799-801 & answer these questions:
 How does Realpolitik policy differ from
Containment policy?
 What is Détente?
 How was Nixon’s trip to China significant?

Bell Work

What leader’s foreign policy was the most
successful in helping to end the Cold War?
Explain your answer:
 Leader’s
name
 Leader’s foreign policy
 What was the effect of that policy
Rocky IV

1.
2.
3.
After the Film, answer ONE of these questions:
Opening scene: how did the film depict the
difference between the USA and USSR?
Training scene: the training scene was a
metaphor for which part of the Cold War?
Fight scene: judging from the final fight and
Rocky’s speech, what was the filmmaker’s
opinion of the Cold War struggle and how it
would end?
Recent Nuclear Tests