Transcript Tew 2016 Fall EOC Reviewm - St. Charles Parish Public Schools

EOC REVIEW
U.S. HISTORY
Concept #1: Imperialism
The British Empire expanded its
imperialist power all over the earth during
the 19th century with possessions such as
Canada, South Africa, India and
Australia.
• Imperialism is a
policy by which one
country takes
control of another
land or country.
• Several European
nations controlled
parts of Africa, Asia
and the Middle East
between 1870 and
1914.
Concept #2:
The Russian Revolution
• In 1917, revolutionaries
within Russia overthrew
the monarchy of that
country.
• Czar (king) Nikolai II,
abdicated (left) his throne
and a communist
government was
established in Russia.
The 1917 Russian revolution ended
Russia’s participation in World War I and
saw the rise of Vladimir I. Lenin to power.
Concept #3: The Fireside Chats
• Franklin D. Roosevelt,
the President of the
United States during the
Great Depression and
World War II, often
communicated with the
American people through
radio programs called the
President Roosevelt used the technology
“fireside
chats”.
of radio to bypass the press and speak
directly to the nation. The 1930’s and
’40’s became known as the Golden Age
of radio.
Concept #4: McCarthyism
• Senator Joseph McCarthy
seized on the growing fear of
communism in the 1950’s
and accused hundreds of
government workers of
being communists.
• McCarthy’s accusations
ruined the careers of many
people until he was
censured (officially
disapproved of) by the
People have come to use the term
McCarthyism to describe any sweeping Senate.
accusation of betrayal based on little or
no evidence.
Concept #5: The Vietnam War
• From 1963 through 1973
the United States was
militarily involved in the
Vietnam War.
• In an attempt to protect
South Vietnam and limit
the expansion of
communism throughout
Asia, the U.S. fought the
North Vietnamese Army
After 10 years of jungle warfare and over
and South Vietnamese
50,000 American deaths, The United
States left South Vietnam in 1973 and all of Communists known as the
Vietnam came under communist control.
“Vietcong”.
Concept #6: The Domino Theory
With China and Korea already under
communist control, President
Eisenhower used the Domino Theory in
order to justify U.S. military and
economic involvement in Vietnam.
• The domino theory
was a belief that if one
nation falls to
communism then its
neighbors will soon
become communist as
well.
• Due to this idea, the
United States began
to increase its
presence in Asia
during the late 1950’s.
Concept #7:
The Bay of Pigs Invasion
The failure of the undercover operation to
invade the Bay of Pigs was a great
embarrassment to the new Kennedy
administration.
• In 1961, President
Kennedy ordered
an invasion force to
attack Cuba at the
Bay of Pigs on the
southern coast.
• The invasion was
poorly planned and
organized which
resulted in a
complete failure for
the operation.
Concept #8: Mass Production
Innovations such as the mass-produced
Model-T changed the way people lived
and worked and provided for more leisure
time than ever before.
• During the 1920’s the
mass production of
consumer items
lowered prices for
everyone and created
a time of prosperity
called the “Roaring
20’s”.
• Henry Ford planned
large scale production
of his Model T car by
using assembly lines.
Concept #9: Open Door Policy
• The Open Door Policy
was a U.S. agreement
with other nations such
as Britain, Japan,
Germany and Russia
concerning the
colonization and
occupation of China.
• The policy guaranteed
During the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 Chinese that the U.S. would have
revolutionaries attempted to kick foreigners out
equal access to the
of their country, but the U.S. and other
European nations sent troops to China to
material wealth of China.
maintain their control
Concept #10: The Great Depression
• When the U.S. stock
market crashed in 1929,
America fell into a long
period of unemployment
and increased poverty
called the Great
Depression.
• European economies
followed closely behind
the U.S. with their own
Causes for this economic disaster included the
“depressions”.
overproduction of products,
underconsumption by the public and
speculation (gambling) in the stock market.
Concept #11:
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
• In 1964, the U.S. Congress
passed the Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution which gave the
military authority to repel
any attack by North
Vietnamese forces on U.S.
forces.
• This resolution was passed
because of supposed
attacks on U.S. ships by
After the passing of the Gulf of Tonkin
North Vietnamese ships in
Resolution, the U.S. became deeply
involved in the Vietnam War even though
the Gulf of Tonkin.
no declaration of war was ever made by
Congress.
Concept #12: Women in World War II
• When the U.S. entered
World War II in 1941,
American women
responded to the war
effort with great
eagerness.
• More than 200,000
women served in units
of the Army, Navy,
Marines and Coast
Women moved into jobs throughout the labor Guard.
force and by the end of the war in 1945,
women made up one-third of the U.S. work
force.
Concept #13: Fidel Castro
Through the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban
Missile Crisis, and the Fall of Communism in
Russia, Fidel Castro has maintained his
control of Cuba and outlasted 9 U.S.
Presidents.
• In 1959 a communist
revolutionary named
Fidel Castro led a
revolution in the nation
of Cuba.
• He established a new
communist government
just 90 miles from the
U.S. coast.
• The U.S. has held an
embargo in place
against Cuba since
Castro’s takeover.
Concept #14:
The Harlem Renaissance
• Starting in the year
1920, a rebirth in pride
and awareness led to
the production of many
works of art, literature
and music within the
African American
community of the U.S.
• This Renaissance of
culture was begun in
Harlem, New York but
An important aspect of the Harlem
Renaissance was the introduction of Jazz and spread throughout the
the Blues as new forms of Music in America.
nation.
Concept #15: Industrialization
• Industrialization is the
process of developing
machine production of
goods instead of hand
produced goods.
• A society going through
industrialization begins
to produce more
products for its people,
One of the most important tools of
but requires more raw
industrialization in America was the
materials and
locomotive. The locomotive (train) allowed for
resources for the
the quick movement of raw materials and
people across the continent
machines.
Concept #16: Nationalism
A prime example of extreme nationalism
was the Nazi regime of Germany from
1933-1945. There nationalist pride began a
world war and caused the deaths of over
60 million people.
• Nationalism is an
extreme pride and belief
in the national unity of
one’s own country.
• In some cases, this
nationalistic pride also
involved the idea of
racial supremacy.
• Nations sometimes
believe that their culture
is superior, so they have
a right to conquer other
nations.
Concept #17: The Versailles Treaty
As the great depression spread to Europe,
Germany found it more difficult to make their
payments and many Germans felt insulted
and angry at their treatment by the allies.
• In 1919, the victorious
nations of World War I
met together at
Versailles Palace,
outside of Paris, and
created this peace
treaty that was to put an
end to all war.
• The treaty called for
Germany to pay
reparations (payments)
to allied nations and
admit guilt for starting
the war.
Concept #18: Roe v. Wade
Those who support the Roe v. Wade
decision call themselves “Pro-Choice”
while those who oppose the decision
call themselves “Pro-Life”.
• The 1973 Supreme Court
case of Roe v. Wade
concerned the
controversial topic of
abortion.
• In a 7-2 decision the
Supreme Court ensured a
woman’s right to have an
abortion.
• The legality of abortion
was established by this
case, but the controversy
over its morality continues.
Concept #19: Plessy v. Ferguson
Legal segregation led to an increase
in racial tensions and
misunderstanding throughout the
United States
• The 1896, Supreme
Court case of Plessy v.
Ferguson concerned
the subject of
segregation (separation
of races) in the U.S.
• The Supreme Court
ruled that segregation of
races in schools,
bathrooms and even
water fountains was
legal as long as the
facilities and services
were equal.
Concept #20:
Brown v. Board of Education
With this court decision the idea of
“separate but equal”, enforced by
unjust “Jim Crow Laws”, was shown
to have no place in America.
• In 1954, the Supreme
Court case of Brown v.
Board of Education
overturned the court’s
previous decision
concerning
segregation in Plessy
v. Ferguson.
• The Supreme Court
ruled that segregation
in public schools was
unconstitutional.
Concept #21:
Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King
• Dr. Martin Luther King led
the fight against racial
segregation in the U.S
during the late 1950’s and
1960’s.
• He used non-violent
protests such as bus
boycotts and sit-ins at
segregated restaurants.
• Dr. King’s “I have a dream”
speech in Washington
On April 4, 1968 Dr. King was shot and
killed in Memphis, Tennessee. More challenged America to
than 300,000 people followed his casket imagine their country
through the streets of Atlanta during the
without segregation.
funeral
Concept #22:
Populism
William Jennings Bryan ran in the
1896 and had support of the
Populist Party, advocating that
farmers should not be persecuted
on a cross of gold
• Founded by
farmers of the
Grange
• Supported free
coinage of silver
• Wanted economic
changes that would
benefit farmers in
the west
Concept #23: Rosa Parks
In protest to Ms. Parks arrest a one year
long, city-wide bus boycott was enacted in
Montgomery. The person selected to lead
this protest was Dr. Martin Luther King.
• In the 1950’s, segregation
laws in the city of
Montgomery, Alabama
required Black bus
passengers to give up
their seats to White
passengers.
• On December 1, 1955
Rosa Parks refused to
give up her seat to a
White passenger.
• Rosa Parks was arrested
and taken to jail for this
civil disobedience.
Concept #24: Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Anti-Trust laws were designed to let the
government prevent unfair business practices in
industries such as steel, oil and railroads. Many
of these businesses tried to control parts of the
government.
• The Sherman AntiTrust Act, passed
by Congress in
1890, made trusts
illegal.
• A trust is a group
of companies that
work together to set
prices and end
competition.
• Many trusts were
controlled by one
company or one
single person.
Concept #25: John D. Rockefeller
• John D. Rockefeller
gained great wealth in
the late 1800’s by
creating an oil
monopoly
• His company, Standard
Oil, controlled much of
the production,
transport, refining, and
marketing of petroleum
products in the United
Standard Oil was declared a monopoly in 1911, States
under anti-trust laws, and broken up into smaller
companies. Modern oil companies such as
ExxonMobil, Amoco, BP America and Chevron
were once part of the Rockefeller Empire
Concept #26: Presidential Scandals
• Several U.S. Presidents
have been involved in
scandals that have
shaken their
administrations.
• President Nixon was
forced to resign because
of the “Watergate”
scandal
President Clinton was
Impeached by the U.S. House of
Representatives because of
dishonesty in the Monica
Lewinsky scandal.
Concept #27: Political Machines
One of the most famous political machines
in history was the Tammany Hall machine
of New York City. Its strongest leader was
Boss Tweed
• A group that controls the
political activities of a city
is known as a political
machine.
• Political machines are
comprised of “bosses”
who’s “captains” work to
gain votes among the
poor and unemployed by
giving out cash and jobs.
• Machines often receive
payments (kickbacks)
for city building contracts.
Concept #28:
The Tennessee Valley Authority
With the help of the TVA parts of the
Southern Appalachians, an area
historically one of poorest in the nation,
gained prosperity as it had never seen
before.
• As the United States
suffered through the
Great Depression of the
1930’s, President
Roosevelt acted in order
to put people to work.
• Congress created the
Tennessee Valley
Authority in 1933 to
build hydroelectric
damns and bring
electricity to poor
regions of the southern
U.S.A.
Concept #29:
Women’s issues of the 20th Century
• Throughout the 20th
century, women fought
against sexual
discrimination and for
equal treatment from
their government.
• Because of sexist, social
stereotypes women
have had to struggle to
Women have organized and struggled
concerning issues such as better child care,
gain basic rights such as
the right to have an abortion, equal pay with
men and laws against sexual harassment the right to vote (1920).
Concept #30:
Interstate Highway Act of 1956
The creation of large-scale interstates
led to the development of “edge
cities” which are a mix of offices,
shopping malls, corporate
headquarters, hotels, and
entertainment along the roadway
• In 1956 Congress passed
the Interstate Highway
Act which authorized the
federal government to
collect and disperse money
to states for the
construction of interstate
roads.
• This law was passed under
the rationale that a large
road system is important
for national defense.