Transcript The United States: 1790-1820

IMPERIALISM BY THE
UNITED STATES
Essential Question:
What role did the United States
play as an imperial power in
Asia and Latin America?
115 years after gaining independence from Britain, the
United States was an industrial and imperial power
How did this happen?
The United States: 1790-1820
The U.S. Economy:
From 1790 to
1820, most
Americans were
small-scale
farmers
The United States: 1790-1820
But, a few early textile mills were built
in New England and…
The United States: 1790-1820
...Eli Whitney’s cotton gin led to a boom in
southern cotton and slavery
The United States: 1790-1820
U.S. Territorial Expansion: The American population
expanded across the Appalachian Mountains
In 1803, Jefferson doubled the size of the USA and
gained control of the Mississippi River when he
bought Louisiana from French Emperor Napoleon
The United States: 1790-1820
U.S. Foreign Policy:
In these early years,
the American
government was
committed to
neutrality in regards
to foreign policy
The United States: 1820-1860
The U.S. Economy:
From 1820 to 1860,
Southern cotton
made up 60% of
American exports
The North had a
diverse economy
based on farming,
textile production,
and manufacturing
Western farmers
were connected to
Northern industry
by roads, canals,
and railroads
The United States: 1820-1860
U.S. Territorial Expansion:
From 1820 to 1860, the
USA claimed its “Manifest
Destiny” and gained new
western lands in Texas,
Oregon, and the southwest
The United States: 1820-1860
By 1850, the USA had all lands
from the Atlantic to the Pacific
The United States: 1820-1860
U.S. Foreign Policy:
In 1823, the U.S.
declared a new
foreign policy called
the Monroe Doctrine
The USA remained
committed to
neutrality in Europe
...but promised to
protect the Western
Hemisphere from
European
colonization
The United States: 1820-1860
The U.S. Economy:
From 1860 to 1900,
the United States
experienced an
Industrial Revolution
The USA became a world leader in
railroads, oil, steel, and electricity
The USA became a world leader in
railroads, oil, steel, and electricity
As America became more industrialized, it
experienced a rise in urbanization and immigration
As America became more industrialized, it
experienced a rise in urbanization and immigration
The United States: 1860-1900
U.S. Territorial Expansion:
The USA expanded beyond
North America and
imperialized by gaining
new colonies in Latin
America and Asia
The United States: 1860-1900
U.S. Foreign
Policy:
With its
industry and
strong navy,
the USA
became the
“police power”
of the Western
Hemisphere
Why did the United States imperialize?
American
factories
needed new
sources of raw
materials and
markets to sell
their goods
Why did the United States imperialize?
By 1890, there were no new lands in
the west to expand into and
Americans wanted overseas colonies
Why did the United States imperialize?
Americans felt the need to keep up with
European imperialists
Why did the United States imperialize?
The U.S. had a modern navy and belief that it
could compete with other powerful nations
Why did the United States imperialize?
The U.S. had a modern navy and belief that it
could compete with other powerful nations
Why did the United States imperialize?
Like Europeans,
Americans
believed in Social
Darwinism and felt
that they had a
duty to “civilize”
the “inferior
races” of the world
So, what did the
USA gain during
the Age of
Imperialism?
From 1820
1890,
In 1891,
Queen Liliuokalani
U.S.toImperialism:
HAWAII
Americans moved to
came to power and tried to
Hawaii as missionaries
reduce the power of
and fruit plantation
Americans living in Hawaii
owners
Americans overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in
1893 and Hawaii was annexed by the USA in
1898 (governed by Sanford Dole)
By theU.S.
1890s,
European
imperial
powers
Imperialism: CHINA
carved China into spheres of influence, giving
them exclusive trade rights in Chinese ports
In 1899, the USA declared an
Open Door Policy in China to allow
free trade by any nation in any port
In 1895, Cubans declared their independence
U.S.
Imperialism:
CUBA
from Spain; to put down the revolution,
Spain used brutal tactics (like starvation)
In 1898, the U.S. sent the ship USS Maine to
Cuba to protect American interests there;
after the ship mysteriously exploded,
Americans declared war on Spain
The U.S. easily won the SpanishAmerican War to free Cuba and the
Philippines from Spain
As a result of the Spanish-American War,
Cuba gained its independence and the USA
annexed the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico
When the Filipino people were not given
independence, they led an unsuccessful rebellion
against the USA in the Filipino-American War in 1899
AN AMERICAN WAR CRIMINAL
The Americans were able to
stop the rebel Filipinos partly
because of the brutal tactics
used by one of the
commanding officers, General
Jacob H. Smith
In one region of the Philippines,
Smith ordered any over ten
years old to be executed
When his war crimes became
public, Smith was courtmartialed and kicked out of the
U.S. military
GENERAL JACOB H. SMITH
By 1904,
the USA was
major
power and
America’s
Roleain
Latinworld
America
declared that it had “police power” to protect
Latin America from European imperialism
By 1900, one of America’s main goals was to
U.S.
Imperialism:
build
a canal
in Panama,PANAMA
which wouldCANAL
connect
the Atlantic and Pacific
After the Colombian government rejected
America’s offer to build a canal in Panama, the
U.S. encouraged Panama to break from Colombia
In 1903, Panama
allowed the U.S. to
build the canal and the
Panama Canal was
completed by 1914
Click here to see how the Panama Canal works
By the 20th century, the U.S. was a world power
The U.S. was a world
leader in industry and
had one of the most
powerful militaries
in the world
The USA gained
Hawaii, Puerto Rico,
Guam, Philippines…
…created an Open
Door Policy in China…
…and had influence
over Latin America

Revamped and redone by
Christopher Jaskowiak
Original version by
Brooks Baggett