Transcript Neutrality Acts

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Name _______________
Subject _____________
Unit # _______________
PPT # ______ (or Historic People, Key Terms, Events and Ideas)
Events and Ideas #1
The Approaching War
U.S. History
Unit 5
Contains One Crash Course Video:
• Episode #35 – World War II – Part I
Essential Question:
• Analyze the actions of the United States
government at the onset of the war in Europe
and Asia before we entered the war.
Crash Course Video:
World War II – Part 1
Episode #35:
• Complete the worksheet that goes with the
following video:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Objoad
6rG6U
Neutrality Acts
• F.D.R. believed that trade
between countries…
– created prosperity
– prevented war
• American public wanted
isolationism and neutrality.
• Congress passed the Neutrality
Acts of 1935 and 1937.
Neutrality Acts
• Germany and Japan continued
their rampage around the
world, the U.S. began to throw
their support behind the Allies.
• To stop Japanese expansion into
China and British holdings in
Asia, the U.S. placed sanctions
against Japan.
Neutrality Acts
• Prevented arms and
ammunition shipments
to any country in a war.
– July 1937, Japanese
forces invade
Manchuria.
– Lend-Lease Act ends
the policy of
neutrality.
– FDR sells weapons to
China.
Tense Relations with Germany
• German submarines patrolling the Atlantic were sinking
shipping vessels.
• The British navy did not have enough ships to stop them.
• Roosevelt and Churchill signed the Atlantic Charter
declaring the Atlantic part of the Western Hemisphere
neutral.
• The Atlantic Charter allowed
the U.S. Navy to protect
shipping and attack Germany’s
aggressive submarines.
Tense
Relations with
Germany
• Sept. 1941 a German U-boat
fired on the American
destroyer Greer
• Roosevelt ordered a “shoot on
sight” policy toward German
submarines.
The United States destroyer Greer
Lend-Lease Act
• US would sell arms to warring
nations with these conditions:
– Had to pay cash.
– Had to transport arms.
• Britain ran out of funds by 1940.
• Allowed the US to lend or lease
arms to any country “vital to the
defense of the United States.”
Offloading a Lend-Lease
tank in the USSR
• Britain had to promise to pay
“rent” on the arms or return
them at the end of the war.
Lend- Lease Act
• Program under which
the U.S. supplied
munitions, ships,
aircraft and other
material to:
– United Kingdom
– Soviet Union
– China
– Free France
Export
Control Act
• Great Britain, busy fighting Hitler,
could not defend their colonial
holdings in Asia.
• Japan, lacking in natural resources
for their military, depended on the
US for supplies.
• FDR feels obligated to support
Great Britain by restricting the
selling of supplies to Japan
• 1940, Congress passes Export
Control Act
Japan invades China in 1937
Export Control Act
• United States, fearing:
– The advance of Japanese
expansion
– Cooperation between
Germany and Japan banned
the export of aircraft parts,
aviation fuel, scrap metal and
iron to Japan.
• Japan responds by signing an
alliance with Germany and Italy.
U.S. Exports to
Japan 1939
(in Millions of Dollars)
• Founded in September of 1940.
America First
Committee
• An isolationist group that firmly
opposed…
- American intervention.
- aid to the allies.
• The committee attempted to
influence public opinion against
helping the allies.
Charles Lindbergh speaks at
“America First Rally.”
Roosevelt and
Internationalism
• Internationalists believed
the U.S. should try to
preserve peace in the
world.
• Roosevelt supported
internationalism but he
knew he had to work with
the isolationists.
Political Cartoon depicting Isolationist attitudes
Embargo of
Japan
• FDR hoped that Lend-Lease aid would help China fight off
attacks from Japan.
• China failed to hold off Japan.
• The Japanese were now in position to strike British
shipping and bomb Hong Kong and Singapore.
Embargo of Japan
• FDR froze all Japanese assets in
the United States and enacted
an oil embargo. (80% of
Japan’s oil came from the U.S.)
• Without oil Japan’s only choice
was the death of their empire
or seize oil fields in Indo-china.
• The only force capable of
interfering was the US fleet in
Pearl Harbor.
Cost-Plus Contract
• The German blitzkrieg into France in May
1940 shocked America.
• Roosevelt declared a national emergency.
• FDR announced a plan to build 50,000
warplanes a year.
• Businesses needed incentive so…
– Government agreed to pay costs “plus”
profits.
– Cost-plus contracts convinced many
factories to convert to war production.
Cost-Plus Contract
• During the war, the government
subsidized wages through cost-plus
contracts
• Using cost-plus for wages, factories
hired hundreds of thousands of
unskilled workers and trained them
at the governments expense.
• Informal policies against hiring
women, minorities, and workers over
45 or under 18 were sharply
reduced.
4 million women
took government
clerical jobs.
Four Freedoms Speech
• Given in Roosevelt’s 1941
State of the Union Address
• He proposed four
fundamental freedoms that
people “everywhere in the
world” ought to enjoy:
– Freedom of speech and
expression
– Freedom of worship
– Freedom from want
– Freedom from fear
Norman Rockwell's depiction
of the Four Freedoms
Four Freedoms
Speech
• The last two freedoms went
beyond the traditional US
Constitutional values
protected by the First
amendment
• Endorsed a right to economic
security
• Portrayed an internationalist
view of foreign policy.
Essential Question:
• Analyze the actions of the United States
government at the onset of the war in Europe
and Asia before we entered the war.