Transcript Cold War Time Line

Cold War Time Line
By: Liam Madu
United Nations 1945
• Thought the UN’s primary mandate was peace
keeping, the division between the US and
USSR often paralyzed the organization,
generally allowing it to intervene only conflicts
distant from the Cold War. After the Cold War
the UN saw a radical expansion in its
peacekeeping duties. Taking on more missions
is ten years than it had in the previous four
decades.
The UN in 1945. In light blue, the founding members. In dark blue,
protectorates and territories of the founding members.
https://en.wikipedia.o
rg/wiki/United_Nation
s#/media/File:United_
Nations_Member_Sta
tes-1945.png
Gouzenko Affair 1946
• Working as a clerk in the soviet embassy, Russian
citizen Igor Gouzenko had found out about a soviet spy
group in the Canadian government. Gouzenko brought
many documents to prove it and also gave them to the
Ottawa journal. The RCMP, Department of Justice, and
the Prime Minister found out about the spy ring
because of this. After his apartment had been broken
into, only then did Gouzenko get the protection from
the police and Government. Many arrest were made
and the issue had gotten Canada to realize they were
now apart of a new war. The Gouzenko affair was one
of the main causes for the Cold War.
This is a picture of Igor Gouzenko Hiding his face under a mask to protect
his identity while on a show.
https://en.wikipedia
.org/wiki/Igor_Gouz
enko#/media/File:Ig
or_Gouzenko_hood
ed.jpg
NATO 1949
• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
created in 1949, was Canada's first peacetime
military alliance, placing the nation in a defensive
security arrangement with the United States,
Britain and the nations of western Europe. During
the Cold War, NATO forces provided a frontline
deterrence against the Soviet Union and its
satellite states. More recently the organization
has asserted its members' strategic interests in
the global campaign against Islamic terrorism.
The helicopter-carrying destroyer HMCS Nipigon foreground ploughs
through North Atlantic waters, February 1981, with a Sea King helicopter
and one of the tankers in the background
http://www.the
canadianencyclo
pedia.ca/en/arti
cle/nato-northatlantic-treatyorganization/
Korean War 1950-1953
• The Canadian Forces were involved in the 1950–
1953 Korean War conflict and its aftermath.
Canada participated on the side of the United
Nations in the Korean War, with 26,000
Canadians participating in the Korean War, and
Canada sending eight destroyers. Canadian
aircraft provided transport, supply and logistics.
516 Canadians died in the conflict, 312 of the
deaths were from combat. After the war,
Canadian troops remained for three years as
military observers.
Canadian artillery fighting during the Korean war. Battery of guns from the 2nd
Battalion, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery supporting troops of 2nd Battalion,
Royal Canadian Regiment, during the Korean War, June 1951.
https://en.wikipedia.o
rg/wiki/Canada_in_th
e_Korean_War#/medi
a/File:2nd_Battalion,_
Royal_Canadian_Hors
e_in_Korea.jpg
Suez Crisis 1956
• The 1956 Suez Crisis was a military and
political confrontation in Egypt that
threatened to divide the United States and
Great Britain, potentially harming the Western
military alliance that had won the Second
World War. Lester B. Pearson, who later
became prime minister of Canada, won a
Nobel Peace Prize for using the world’s first,
large-scale United Nations peacekeeping force
to de-escalate the situation.
Lester B. Pearson addressing a committee at the United Nations
Conference on International Organization in San Francisco, 1945.
http://www.theca
nadianencyclopedi
a.ca/en/article/su
ez-crisis/
NORAD 1956
• The North American Aerospace Defense Command
(NORAD) is a bi-national United States and Canadian
organization charged with the missions of aerospace
warning and aerospace control for North America.
Aerospace warning includes the monitoring of manmade objects in space, and the detection, validation,
and warning of attack against North America whether
by aircraft, missiles, or space vehicles, through mutual
support arrangements with other commands.
Aerospace control includes ensuring air sovereignty
and air defense of the airspace of Canada and the
United States.
Officers observe an explosion on the side of a mountain
http://www.n
orad.mil/Abou
tNORAD/NOR
ADHistory.asp
x
Avro Arrow
• The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was a Deltawinged Interceptor aircraft designed and built by
Avro Canada. The Arrow is considered to have
been an advanced technical and aerodynamic
achievement for the Canadian aviation industry.
The CF-105 (Mark 2) held the promise of nearMach 2 speeds at altitudes of 50,000 feet
(15,000 m) and was intended to serve as the
Royal Canadian Air Force(RCAF) primary
interceptor in the 1960s and beyond.
The Avro Arrow was born out of the necessity for the protection of Canada. During the height of the
Cold War (1950's) era, the Soviets had introduced new long range bombers, that were capable of
flying over the North Pole to attack North America. This was a very serious threat as the continent
lived in fear of a surprise nuclear attack. Production was started and less than 4 years later, the Arrow
was completed. Roll out was October 4, 1957. First flight was March 25 1958.
https://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Avro_Canada_CF105_Arrow#/media/File:
DSC_6934__Canadian_Pride.jpg
Cuban Missile Crisis
• The 1962 stationing of Soviet missiles in Cuba,
which posed a threat to the United States and
Canada, brought the world to the edge of
nuclear war. Although Canadian forces were
placed on heightened alert, Prime Minister
John Diefenbakers hesitant response to the
crisis aggravated U.S. President John F.
Kennedy, and fuelled already difficult relations
between Canada and the U.S. in the 1960s.
Fidel Castro embracing Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev, 1961
https://en.w
ikipedia.org/
wiki/Cuban_
Missile_Crisi
s#/media/Fil
e:Castrokruschev.jpg
Nuclear Weapons / Bomarc Missiles
1963
• In the fall of 1958 Prime Minister John
Diefenbaker’s Conservative government
announced an agreement with the US to deploy
two squadrons of the American ramjet-powered
"Bomarc" antiaircraft missile in Canada. This
controversial defence decision was one of many
flowing from the 1957 North American Air
Defence (NORAD) agreement with the US. The
Bomarc Missile Crisis was a Cold War-era dispute
over whether Canada should house nuclear
missiles as part of its NORAD air defence
agreement with the United States.
The decision of the Conservative government in 1958 to cancel the Avro
Arrow and deploy two squadrons of the American Bomarc missile caused
a crisis in Canadian defence policy (courtesy Canadian Aviation Museum).
http://www.the
canadianencyclo
pedia.ca/en/arti
cle/bomarcmissile-crisis/
Vietnam War 1964-1973
• Canada did not fight in the Vietnam War and
diplomatically it was "officially nonbelligerent". The country's troop deployments
to Vietnam were limited to a small number of
national forces in 1973 to help enforce the
Paris Peace Accords.Nevertheless, the war had
considerable effects on Canada, while Canada
and Canadians affected the war, in return.
A de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou transport plane on landing
approach, Vietnam War, 1971.
https://en.wikipedia.o
rg/wiki/Canada_and_t
he_Vietnam_War#/m
edia/File:DHC4_Caribou_Vietnam.jp
g
PM Trudeaus’s Foreign Policy 1970s
• Trudeau’s foreign policy was assembled from
within a conceptual framework analogous to his
view of Canada and Canadians that emphasized
nation-building within a general vision on the
great fault-lines of global relations: NorthSouth
and East-West. For all the twists in his foreign
policies, Trudeau was remarkably consistent in his
commitment to individual civil rights, and to the
rights of individual states, to be free from
arbitrary interference in their affairs, which
necessarily involved something of a
contradiction.
Trudeau after being nominated to represent riding of Town of Mount
Royal, June 6, 1965.
https://en.wikip
edia.org/wiki/Pi
erre_Trudeau#/
media/File:Trud
eau_Nomination
.jpg
Mulroney's Foreign Policy's 1980s
• Mulroney's government opposed the apartheid
regime in South Africa. Mulroney met with many
opposition leaders throughout his ministry. His
position put him at odds with the American and
British governments, but also won him respect
elsewhere. Also, external affairs minister Joe
Clark was the first foreign affairs minister to land
in previously isolated Ethiopia to lead the
Western response to the 1984–1985 famine in
Ethiopia; Clark landed in Addis Ababa so quickly
he had not even seen the initial CBC report that
had created the initial and strong public reaction.
Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney bids farewell to dignitaries after
a state visit. Mulroney is accompanied by his wife, Mila. Location:
Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland, United States.
https://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Brian_Mulroney#/
media/File:Mulroney_D
F-SC-85-12406.jpg