Transcript Articles of the Constitution

American Revolution
1763-1789
Background
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In 1763, the British emerged victorious from the
conflict known as the Seven Years War.
This conflict was known as the French Indian
War in the Americas.
British government was in debt.
They needed funds to help pay off their debt.
The British needed more money to maintain
their military and naval power. (empire)
Background
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British leaders quite naturally expected the
American colonists to help pay the war debts.
After all, they were British subjects.
Under the leadership of the King George III.
British leaders were weak.
King George III was stubborn, narrowminded, had a mental breakdown.
Proclamation Line of 1763- Colonists could
not settle past the Appalachian Mountains.
King George III
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“George III inherited more than
just the throne. He also had the
royal hereditary disease
porphyria which had afflicted
Mary Queen of Scots. She
passed it to her son, King James
I of England. Porphyria is
caused by the insufficient
production of hemoglobin. The
symptoms are photosensitivity,
strong abdominal pain, port
wine colored urine and paralysis
in the arms and legs. The
interruption of nerve impulses to
the brain causes the
development of psychiatric
symptoms.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_George_III
England’s Parliament Passed
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Quartering Act 1765- This law required the
colonial authorities to provide barracks and
supplies for British troops stationed in America
Stamp Act 1765- It taxed on licenses of all
kinds, on college diplomas, playing cards,
newspapers, advertisements, and legal
documents.
Navigation Act-these laws prohibited the
colonists from selling their products to others.
“No taxation without
representation”
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“No taxation without representation”
colonist’s slogan against the British government.
Colonists agreed not to buy British goods.
Sons of Liberty- got violent. They burned
figures of King George III
Under pressure the British government repealed
the Stamp Act
Samuel Adams
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Sons of Liberty
Organized the Boston Tea
Party of December 16, 1773.
Continental Congress;
Organized the Articles of
Confederation
Wanted the Declaration of
Independence
Governor of Massachusetts
after John Hancock died
Boston Massacre- 1770
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“The Boston Massacre was the
killing of five civilians by British
troops on March 5, 1770 and its
legal aftermath, which helped
start the American Revolutionary
War. Colonists were already
resenting the Townsend Acts.
Tensions caused by the heavy
military presence in Boston led
to brawls between soldiers and
civilians, and eventually to troops
shooting their muskets into a
riotous crowd.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Massacre
Boston Tea Party-1773
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“The Boston Tea Party
was a protest by the
American colonists against
Great Britain in which they
destroyed many crates of
tea on ships in Boston
Harbor. The incident,
which took place on
December 16, 1773, has
been seen as helping to
spark the American
Revolution.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Tea_
Party
Intolerable Acts of 1774
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Intolerable Acts of 1774- closed the ports of
Boston. The city of Boston could not hold
town meetings. Quartering of British soldiers.
First Continental Congress- Response to
Intolerable Acts; 56 delegates met in
Philadelphia to draw up the “colonists rights”.
Lexington and Concord
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April 18, 1775 , British
soldiers and American
colonists exchanged
gunfire on the village.
“Shot heard around the
world”
Minutemen intercept
the British first at
Lexington, then Concord
Loyalists, Patriots
Second Continental Congress 1775
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George Washington was named Commander
and Chief of the Army.
Conducted the war effort: supplies, raise an
army, fundraiser.
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of
Independence. His influences were John
Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau.
Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights
Articles of Confederation
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Weaknesses of the Articles were:
Congress could not enact and collect taxes.
Each state only had one vote in Congress regardless of
population.
9 out of 13 states needed to agree to pass laws.
All states had to approve in order for laws to be
amended.
NO executive branch, NO judicial branch
Each state (13 colonies) had own laws, currency, etc.
They lacked national unity.
Battle of Bunker Hill
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General Thomas Gage sent 2400 British troops
to capture Boston.
The colonists held higher ground.
The British were wearing over 100 lbs of gear,
making them easy targets.
A victory for the colonists!
Thomas Paine
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He wrote “Common Sense”
It was a pamphlet attacking
the British.
Sold 500,000 copies
Wanted America to trade
more freely.
"I offer nothing more than
simple facts, plain arguments,
and common sense . . ."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Sense_%28pa
mphlet%29
Lord Cornwallis
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British commander that
surrendered to George
Washington in 1781.
He was so upset, he
would not meet with
Washington.
Battle of Yorktown-1781
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By the summer of 1781, the American troops
managed to force Cornwallis and his army to
Yorktown, Virginia.
The French naval fleet was on its way to
Chesapeake Bay to support the American
soldiers surrounding Yorktown.
Treaty of Paris 1783
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This treaty formally ended the American
Revolution War.
Now the new nation had to make a new nation.
The government was under the Articles of
Confederation.
It did not work out.
In 1787, the colonists asked for a National
Constitutional Convention.
George Washington
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Commander in Chief
First President of the
United States.
Constitutional Convention 1787
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55 delegates met in Philadelphia.
All the states were there except Rhode Island.
They met in secret.
Oldest delegate was Ben Franklin, the best looking was
Alexander Hamilton.
September 17, 1787, they wrote a new constitution.
BIGGEST PROBLEM: SMALL STATES VS
LARGE STATES.
James Madison- “Father of the Constitution”
Shay’s Rebellion proved the Articles of Confederation
were ineffective.
Key Conflicts in the Constitutional
Convention:
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Strong Central Government vs. Strong States
Checks and Balances
Federalists vs. Anti Federalists
Federalists- supporters of the Constitution
 Anti-federalists-opponents of the Constitution
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Ratification- to approve the Constitution
Bill of Rights- First 10 Amendments
Roger Sherman Great Compromise
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The government would have two houses
bicameral.
The Senate and House of Representatives
But every state would only have two senators.
Every state would allow representation based on
population.
3/5 Compromise
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For every 5 blacks slaves---three would be
counted as part of the population.
FEDERALISM
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Power is divided between the national government (F) and the
state government. (S)
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Separation of Power-3 branches
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Checks and Balances
Federalists vs. Anti Federalists
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Legislature
Executive
Judicial
Federalists- supporters of the Constitution
Anti-federalists-opponents of the Constitution
Ratification- to approve the Constitution
US Constitution-September 17, 1787
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US Constitution is in 3 parts:
1. Preamble- Introduction
2. Articles (7)
st
3. Bill of Rights ( 1 10)- 1791
 Amendments (27)
Preamble
“We the People of the United States, in Order to
form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure
domestic Tranquility, provide for the common
defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure
the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our
Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution
for the United States of America.”
Articles of the Constitution
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There are 7 Articles to the Constitution.
Article 1- Legislature
Article 2 Executive
Article 3 Judicial
Article 4-Relations Between the States
Article 5- Amendment Process
Article 6- Supremacy of the Constitution
Article 7- Ratification
Ch. 2 Study Guide
15 matching (terms and names)
17 multiple choice
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Matching:
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Loyalists/Patriots
Inflation
Cabinet
Federalist/Anti-Federalist
Republic
Treaty of Paris
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Multiple Choice:
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Constitution
Articles of Confederation
Samuel Adams
Thomas Paine
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington
Alexander Hamilton
Intolerable Acts
Shay’s Rebellion
First/Second Continental Congress