Transcript trail of tears powerpoint right onex

THE TRAIL OF TEARS:
THE CHEROKEE
FACTS
o The total forced march westward took place over a time frame of two years.
o The Trail is approximated to be 1,200 miles long. It passed through the
current day states of Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky,
Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Tennessee.
o The Indians traveled on foot, by wagon, or steamboat.
o Those taken by water routes were taken as close as possible to the new
Indian Territory and then walked the rest of the way.
STOCKADES
• When they refused removal, federal troops began to round the Cherokee up and put
them in stockades
• Many died of malnourishment and harsh treatment
• Often no roofs to guard against scorching sun
• wide spread disease
• Death became a daily occurrence
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
o The majority of the Indians had to travel with inadequate clothing and often no
shoes at all.
o Exposure to the freezing cold conditions during the march led to death in many
cases.
o Many also died from malnourishment, cold, and disease along the way.
o Fatal diseases such as whooping cough, typhus, dysentery, cholera and starvation
were a big problem throughout the trip.
o There was no medicine or doctors on the Trail; the young, weak, elderly and the
sick were the first to die.
o Of the nineteen thousand Cherokee Indians forced to travel the Trail of Tears
approximately 4,000 of them died along the way.
EVENTS THAT LED TO THE TRAIL OF
TEARS
• The Indian Removal Act
• Andrew Jacksons was a big proponent in urging
congress to pass this act.
• Passed in 1830, the act gave the federal
government the power to move any Indians
living in the east to the lands west of the
Mississippi known as the Indian territory.
• Many northerners opposed this act.
EVENTS THAT LED TO THE TRAIL OF
TEARS
• Worcester v. Georgia
• The American government was trying to remove the Cherokee Indians from
Georgia.
• They declared themselves wards of the nation and not subject to Georgia.
• Georgia did not recognize this, but the Supreme Court did.
• Andrew Jackson and Georgia both ignored the court’s ruling and under the
Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced the tribe to give up its lands and move
westward.
ANDREW JACKSON
• Jackson became known as a national hero at the battle of Horseshoe
Bend.
• He and his troops, along with the Cherokees, whom he promised
governmental friendship if they joined the war, defeated one thousand
Creeks
• The Cherokee had given Jackson no reason to distrust them.
• Their only mistake was simply living on land the American government
wanted to claim as their own.
NEW ECHOTA TREATY
o Cherokee Nation was divided between those who wanted to resist removal, and those who
wanted to surrender their land and move westward.
o On December 29 1835, the party that wanted to move west signed the New Echota Treaty.
o This treaty required the Cherokee Nation to exchange its national lands for a parcel in the land
set aside for the Indians and relocate there within two years.
o The federal government promised to remit $5 million to the Cherokee Nation, compensate
individuals for their buildings and fixtures, and pay for the costs of relocation and acclimation
o The United States also promised to honor the title of the Cherokees new land, respect its selfgovernment, and protect the tribe from future invasion.
o The majority of the tribe opposed the treaty, and was not willing to give up their land.
o After Ridge signed this treaty, the Chief gathered 16,000 signatures against it
“INDIAN TERRITORY”
o Over time the “Indian Territory” established by the
American government grew smaller and smaller.
o Each time the Indians were promised refuge in a new
land, it only took a few years for the government to
force them farther westward.
o Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907,
eliminating the title of Indian Territory despite the
government promising Cherokee their own nation in
those lands
CHEROKEE AS A CIVILIZED SOCIETY
o The Cherokee were known as one of the Five Civilized Tribes because they
had developed a cultured society.
o Families were thrown out of their homes and stripped of their livelihoods.
o With every Indian family shoved off of their land, there was a white family
waiting to take their place
o The Trail of Tears uprooted the Cherokee from their homes, and was
detrimental to their societies
o They were not a tribe corrupted with fighting, but had a system that punished
offenders fairly and without controversy
BACKGROUND INFO
oUpon the arrival of colonists Native Americans began to be
forced to give up their land.
oIt is important to remember that those who arrived were
immigrants, attempting to acquire new land through force.
oThe Americans are in fact immigrants, who invaded the
Cherokee’s, and many other Indian tribe’s lands.
oThe Cherokee had lived in peace for hundreds of years until
these invaders arrived and caused much disorder.
RESULTS OF THE TRAIL OF TEARS
o By 1840 thousands of Cherokee had been pushed off their land and
forced to move westward.
o a horrific event that affected thousands of innocent Cherokee Indians.
o The Cherokee being mistreated and forced to give up land is a prime
example of how badly the Native American population was treated when
Europeans arrived
o Throughout history people have invaded new lands, forcing the natives
out
SOURCES FOR PICTURES
• http://allwedding.site/tag/trail-tears-map
• http://thepapersofandrewjackson.utk.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Jackson-Portrait300x225.jpg
• https://www.emaze.com/@AOCCWLIR/The-Indian-Removal-Act-of-1830&-The-Trail-ofTears
• http://www.whitsett-wall.com/Fort_Smith/Beginnings.HTM
• http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~223869~5506285:MapOf-Indian-Territory-And-Oklahoma
• https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Horseshoe_bend_map.jpg
• http://milhomme.blogspot.com/2012/03/sakaian-aghin-caravan-deportation-route.html
• https://www.ket.org/nationalparks/trailoftears/classroom.htm
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• "The Trail of Tears — The Indian Removals." Ushistory.org. 2014. Accessed November 23, 2015. 2015.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/24f.asp
• Fleischmann, Glen. The Cherokee Removal, 1838: An Entire Indian Nation Is Forced out of Its Homeland. New York:
Watts, 1971.
• United States. National Park Service. "Trail Of Tears National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)." National
Parks Service. November 17, 2015. Accessed November 24, 2015. http://www.nps.gov/trte/index.htm.
• United States. National Park Service. "Stories." National Parks Service. November 24, 2015. Accessed November
24, 2015.
• Holmes, Ellen. "A Trail of 4,000 Tears." Teachinghistory.org. 2010. Accessed November 24, 2015.
http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/25652.
• Garrison, Tim. "Cherokee Removal." New Georgia Encyclopedia. November 19, 2004. Accessed November 24,
2015. http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/cherokee-removal
• "A Brief History of the Trail of Tears." A Brief History of the Trail of Tears. 2015. Accessed November 25, 2015.
• Zinn, Howard. "As Long as the Grass Grows or Water Runs." In A People's History of the United States. New York:
Harper & Row, 1990.
CONTINUED
• Bishop, Jarred. "Trail of Tears." Trail of Tears. December 12, 2012. Accessed November 27, 2015. http://trailtears-opportunity-race.tumblr.com/.
• Staff. "Trail of Tears." History.com. 2009. Accessed November 27, 2015.
http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/trail-of-tears.
• Staff. "Treaty of New Echota." Treaty of New Echota. 2015. Accessed November 27, 2015.
http://www.cherokee.org/AboutTheNation/History/TrailofTears/TreatyofNewEchota.aspx
• Williams, David. "Gold Rush." New Georgia Encyclopedia. January 21, 2003. Accessed November 27, 2015.
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/gold-rush.
• "Georgia Gold Rush." Georgia Gold Rush. Accessed November 27, 2015.
http://www.aboutnorthgeorgia.com/ang/Georgia_Gold_Rush.
• Elish, Dan. The Trail of Tears: The Story of the Cherokee Removal. New York: Benchmark Books/Marshall
Cavendish, 2002.