Transcript Chapter 10 PP

Chapter 10
The Triumph of
Democracy
Focus Question:
What were the social bases
for the flourishing
democracy of the early midnineteenth century?
The Triumph of
Democracy: Property
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Property and Democracy
– New states no property requirement for voting
– 1820s-older states abolished property
requirement, except South
The Dorr War-Rhode Island
– People’s Convention-new state constitution
– Vote to all adult men except blacks
– Thomas Dorr, governor
– Pres. John Tyler and federal troops intervened
The Triumph of Democracy:
Tocqueville
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Tocqueville on Democracy
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Alexis de Tocqueville democracy more
than voting of politics
Culture that encouraged initiative,
equality, improvement of society
Sovereignty resided in citizens
Voting a sense of national identity
The Triumph of Democracy:
information
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The Information Revolution
– Facilitated by steam-powered printing press
– Sensational journalism increased circulation
• Low postal rated, growth of political
parties
• Labor unions, Native Americans printed
newspapers
• Women writers emerge
The Triumph of Democracy:
Limits
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The Limits of Democracy
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Expanded participation in politics put
limits on many
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Native born white men and white immigrants
were allowed
Women, non-whites-barriers to political
participation
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Lacked qualities necessary for politics
View was “inequality fixed by nature”
The Triumph of Democracy:
Race
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A Racial Democracy
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Democracy associated with “whiteness”
Blacks slowly excluded from public
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Deemed inferior
Race and Class
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1821-New York-$250 for blacks to vote
1860-New England: 4% of blacks could
vote
Authors Video Chapter 10
Nationalism and Its
Discontents
 Focus Question:
What efforts were made in this period
to strengthen the economic integration
of the nation, and what major crises
hindered these efforts?
Nationalism and Its
Discontents: banks
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The American System
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1815-Pres. James Madison plan for
economic development
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a national bank, tariff on imports, federal
financing for infrastructure
Banks and Money
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Second Bank of the United States
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Private/profit making
Regulated printing of paper money
Nationalism and Its
Discontents: panic of 1819
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The Panic of 1819
– Land speculation, dropping prices
The Politics of the Panic
– Some states relief to debtors
• distrust of banks
• states retaliated by taxing
– McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
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Supreme Court-John Marshall
bank Constitutional
Nationalism and Its
Discontents: Slavery
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The Missouri Controversy
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1819 Missouri applied for statehood
1820 Opposition over slave/free state
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Balance: Maine free state, Missouri slave
No slaves north of 36’30’
The Slavery Question
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Caused sectional divisions
Ultimately sparked Civil War
Nation, Section, and
Party
 Focus Question:
What were the major areas of conflict
between nationalism and sectionalism?
Nation, Section, and
Party: Monroe doctrine
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The U.S. and the Latin American Wars
of Independence
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Spain’s colonies rebel (1810-22)
Americans sympathized with revolutions
The Monroe Doctrine
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U.S. would oppose any efforts by Europe
to colonize the Americas
Nation, Section, and
Party: election of 1824
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The Election of 1824
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Only Andrew Jackson had nationwide
support
Others regional support
No majority of electoral college votes
Deal between Henry Clay and John
Quincy Adams
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Angers Jackson and supporters
Nation, Section, and
Party: john Quincy Adams
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The Nationalism of John Quincy
Adams
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Strong nationalist
Supported American System
Authored Monroe Doctrine
Wanted to increase commerce in western
hemisphere
“Liberty Is Power”
Nation, Section, and
Party: election of 1828
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Martin Van Buren and the Democratic
Party
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Believed ordinary men could be great
Political parties good for country
Parties should suppress sectionalism
The Election of 1828
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Van Buren created Democratic Party by
mobilizing mass voter turnout
The Age of Jackson
Focus Question:
In what ways did Andrew
Jackson embody the
contradictions of democratic
nationalism?
The Age of Jackson: party
system
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The Party System
patronage in form of jobs, assistance,
benefits
– Jackson introduced the “spoils
system,”
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new administration replaced previously
appointed officials with its own party’s
appointees.
The Age of Jackson:
democrats and Whigs
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Democrats and Whigs
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government avoid interfering with
economy
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businessmen, farmers, and urban
workers
Whigs supported American System
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Strongest in Northeast
Also southern plantation owners
The Age of Jackson:
morality
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Public and Private Freedom
– Democrats-liberty private entitlement
• Protected by local government, threatened
by national state
– Whigs-liberty and power reinforced each
other
Politics and Morality
– Democrats-Morality private
– Whigs-government intervention in life okay
The Age of Jackson:
Calhoun
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South Carolina and Nullification
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Jackson’s 1828 tariff called “tariff of
abominations”
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Raised taxes on imports
SC legislature threatened to nullify
Calhoun’s Political Theory
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Jackson’s VP from SC
states created government, had right to
defy Constitution within its borders
The Age of Jackson: crisis
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The Nullification Crisis
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On SC threatened nullification
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1832-SC nullified new tariff
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Calhoun-nullification didn’t threaten
disunion, preserved it
Jackson-it was disunion
Jackson responds
Henry Clay created compromise
Jackson -states rights, but not in this case
The Age of Jackson: Indians
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Indian Removal
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1830 Jackson’s Indian Removal Act
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Thousands removed, marched west (Trail of
Tears)
The Supreme Court and the Indians
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Cherokee (GA) appealed to Supreme
Court
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Ultimately allowed to stay
Jackson defied court and removed
The Bank War and After
Focus Question:
How did the Bank War
influence the economy and
party competition?
The Bank War and After:
Biddle’s bank
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Biddle’s Bank
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Bank of the United States vs Jackson
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Jackson-gold/silver only stable currency
Bank disagreed
Nicholas Biddle convinced Congress to
extend charter 20 more years
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Jackson vetoed bill
“Bank War” fight for common man
The Bank War and After:
economy
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The Pet Banks and the Economy
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Political/personal connections
determined which “pet banks” got
federal funds.
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BUS lost ability to regulate the state
banks
State banks issued more paper money
to finance economic development
The Bank War and After:
van Buren
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The Panic of 1837
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Millions of acres land sold using paper
money
British banks loans be paid in hard currency
Depression lasts until 1843
Van Buren in Office
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Announced removal of federal funds from
pet banks
Kept in Treasury Department
The Bank War and After:
election of 1840
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The Election of 1840
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Van Buren not popular
William Henry Harrison war hero
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Wins ; dies soon of pneumonia
His Accidency
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John Tyler “accidental president”
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Democrat, vetoed every Whig policy
Cabinet resigned
Accomplished very little in presidency