Transcript Chapter 3 Power Point

Creating a Constitution
Chapter 3
United States
Constitution
Preamble
Can anyone say it?
Congress under the Articles of
Confederation
Nov 1777 Congress
adopted the Articles of
Confederation.
Once a year each state
would select a delegation
to send to the capital.
(Congress)
No executive or judicial
branch.
Congress had the right to
declare war, raises armies,
and sign treaties. Did
NOT have the power to
impose taxes.
Explicitly denied the
power to regulate trade.
Those powers are held by
the state.
How did this weaken
Congress?
Western Policies
Congress made money by
selling land west of the
Appalachian Mountains.
Land Ordinance of 1785
arranged the land into
townships. 36 sections
Northwest Ordinance:
created the Northwest
Territory. The area north
of the Ohio River and
east of the Mississippi
River.
60,000 people had be the
total population before
you could apply for
statehood.
Northwest Ordinance
protected civil liberties
and banned slavery in the
new territory.
How could this cause a
problem later on?
Success in Trade
Congress promoted trade
with Holland, Prussia,
and Swedes through new
territories.
American merchants cant
trade with the French in
the Caribbean.
Congress Falters
Problems with Trade:
British merchants
flooded the United States
with inexpensive British
goods, driving many
Americans out of
business.
Many states restricted
British imports.
British took their goods
to the state with the
lowest taxes.
States beginning to act
independently.
Why is it such a bad ideal
for the states to act
independently?
Problems with Diplomacy
British forces still occupy
forts on the frontier.
US wants claims to some
of the territory that Spain
has in the United States.
Spain was not allowing
the US to deposit their
goods on the Mississippi
River. This closed the
Mississippi to frontier
farmers.
The Economic Crisis
Country is experiencing
an economic recession.
States raised taxes to pay
their debts
Farmers affected, farm
prices fall, farmers deeply
in debt.
Paper money was not
backed by gold and silver
so inflation began.
Many states in debt.
Shay’s Rebellion
Mass. 1786: property owner’s
Angry farmers rebel in Mass.
Government of Mass. Decided to
raise taxes instead of issuing paper
money.
They closed down several country
courthouse to block farm
foreclosure and then marched to
the State Supreme Court.
Taxes fell heavily on the farmers
(poor farmers)
Many found it impossible to pay
taxes, mortgages
Loss of farms
Daniel Shay a bankrupt farmer
and former captain in the
Continental Army lead the
rebellion.
Jan. 1787 Shay and 1,200 farmers
headed to a state arsenal to seize
weapons before marching to
Boston.
Shay’s Rebellion
Gov. sent Benjamin
Lincoln to defend the
arsenal.
Shay attacked and the
militia freed at Shay and
his men
4 farmers died
Lincolns troops ended the
rebellion the next day.
The rich saw this as the
republic is at risk.
Thought the states would
take property from the
wealthy and weaken
property taxes.
People want strong central
government.
I can: Explain the
problems the
Constitutional
Convention faced.
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
The Constitutional
Convention
2 Theories
1) The nation would not
survive without a strong
central government.
The Articles of
Confederation had to
be revised or replaced.
Nationalist: people who
supported a strong central
government. Ben Franklin,
George Washington, John
Adams, James Madison, and
Robert Morris.
James Madison: VA
Legislature, head of VA
Commerce Committee.
Believed a stronger
national government was
needed.
Constitutional Convention
VA called a convention of all
states to discuss trade and
taxation problems.
Only 5 states presents/
Discussed the weaknesses of
the Articles of
Confederation.
Alexandra Hamilton
recommend that Congress
call for a convention. Shays
Rebellion changed their
minds.
Feb. 1787 Congress called
for a convention of the
states. Revise the Articles of
Confederation.
Every state except Rhode
Island sent delegates to the
Constitutional Convention.
The Framers
55 delegates
Attorney’s, planters, and
merchants.
Most delegates have
experience in colonial, state,
or national governments.
7 had served as state
governors
39 had been members of
Congress
8 had signed the Declaration
of Independence
George Washington
presiding officer
Ben Franklin oldest delegate,
81
Closed meetings
Virginia Plan
Detailed plan: work of James Madison,
called for a new national government.
Recommended scrapping the Articles
of Confederation, creating new
national government with the power
to make laws binding upon the states
and to raise money through taxes.
Government be divided into
legislative, executive, and judicial
branches, Congress be divided in 2
houses.
Voters in each state would elect
members of the first house.
Members of the 2nd house would be
nominated by the state government
but actually elected by the house
Reps based on state pop.
This plan benefits large states
Continental Congress liked dividing
government up in 3 branches.
New Jersey Plan
Modified the Articles of
Confederation instead of
abandoning them.
The Convention voted to
proceed with the Virginia
Plan
Congress to have a single
house in which each state
was equally represented
and gave Congress the
power to raise taxes and
regulate trade.
Create a New constitution
A Union Built on
Compromise
Connecticut Compromise
Roger Sherman
Great Compromise:
proposed that in one house
of Congress the House of
Reps. Be based on
population. The other
house: Senate: the states
would have equal
representation.
Voters elect the reps. But
state legislatures would
choose the Senators.
Compromise over Slavery
For every 40,000 people
members can elect one
rep.
South wanted to count
slaves.
Northerners objected.
North suggested that if
slaves vote they should be
taxed also.
3/5 Compromise
3/5 Compromise: was worked out .
Every 5 enslaved persons would be
counted as 3 free persons to determine
both representation and taxes.
South feared that a strong national
government might impose taxes on the
exports of farm products or ban the
importation of slaves.
South wanted to forbid interference in
slave trade.
North wanted a government that was
capable of controlling imports.
Congress can not tax exports, could
not ban the slave trade, until 1808 or
impose high taxes on imported slaves.
39 of the delegates signed the new
Constitution.
Constitution was based on popular
sovereignty
Est. Federalism
Checks and Balances
Constitution provided a
separation of powers.
No person can serve in 2
branches at once.
Legislative Branch: law
making
Checks and balances
prevent any one branch
from becoming too
powerful, limit the powers
of the others.
Executive Branch:
President, implement and
enforce laws passed by
Congress.
Judicial Branch: hear
cases involving laws
Question
What are the jobs of the 3
branches?
Executive
Judicial
Legislative
Amending the Constitution
Clear system for making
amendments.
Process is difficult
Proposal and ratification
for amendments
How many amendments
are in the Constitution as
of 2015?
EXIT SLIP
You will have 10 questions
to answer.
Vocabulary Quiz the next
day
Unit Test is in 2 Days!!!
Do NOT forget
Lesson 3: I Can Statements
I Can: summarize the debate over ratifying the
Constitution and explain the opposing sides of the
debate.
I Can: explain what occurred during the ratification
process, and how ratification was completed.
Lesson 3: Ratifying the
Constitution
Each state would hold a
convention to vote on the
New Constitution.
9 states had to vote for it
to put it into effect.
Americans began to argue
over if it should be
ratified or not.
Federalist
Supporters of the
Constitution.
Power divided between a
central government and a
state government.
Large landowners wanted
property protection.
Merchants, artisans who
where living in coastal
cities.
Farmers on the coast also
supported the ratification.
Anti-Federalist
Not against Federalism
Issue was on who was going
to be the supreme
government the national or
the states.
John Hancock, Patrick
Henry, Richard Henry Lee,
and George Clinton.
Edmund Randolph and
George Mason were part of
the Constitutional
Convention but became
Anti-Federalist. (Wanted a
Bill of Rights)
Samuel Adams also wanted a
Bill of Rights
Many Western Farmers
believed the Constitution
was a way for wealthy
creditors to get rid of paper
money and foreclose on
their farms.
The Federalist
Anti-Federalist campaign was a
negative campaign.
Federalist were better organized.
Offered speeches, pamphlets, and
debates in state conventions. Also
had the support of the
Newspapers.
The Federalist: a collection of 85
essays written by James Madison,
Alexander Hamilton, and John
Jay. Under the name: Publius
Published most of the essays in
New York newspapers in late 1787
and early 1788 before collecting
them all in The Federalist.
Explained the new framework
and why it was needed.
Today judges, lawyers, lawmakers,
and historians rely upon the
Federalist essays to help to
interpret the Constitution.
General Introduction
For the Independent Journal.
Author: Alexander Hamilton
To the People of the State of New York:
Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and
Influence
For the Independent Journal.
Author: John Jay
To the People of the State of New York:
WHEN the people of America reflect that they
are now called upon to decide a question,
which, in its consequences, must prove one of
the most important that ever engaged their
attention, the propriety of their taking a very
comprehensive, as well as a very serious, view of
it, will be evident.
AFTER an unequivocal experience of the
inefficiency of the subsisting federal
government, you are called upon to
deliberate on a new Constitution for the
United States of America.
Concerning Dangers from Dissensions
Between the States
For the Independent Journal.
Author: Alexander Hamilton
To the People of the State of New York:
THE three last numbers of this paper have
been dedicated to an enumeration of the
dangers to which we should be exposed, in a
state of disunion, from the arms and arts of
foreign nations.
Question
What was the main issue of debate between the
Federalist and Anti-Federalist over the Constitution?
You have 1 minute to talk to your partner in front of
you.
Dice game!!
Battle for Ratification
First state conventions
took place Dec. 1787 and
Jan. 1788.
Delaware, Pennsylvania,
New Jersey, Georgia, and
Connecticut all ratified
the Constitution before.
The Debate in Massachusetts