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TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Jackson Era 2
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Evaluate the significance of the debate
over tariffs and the idea of nullification.
• Summarize the key events of the
conflict over the second Bank of the
United States in the 1830s.
• Analyze the political environment in the
United States after Andrew Jackson.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• Tariff of Abominations – name that
opponents from the agricultural south gave
to the high protective tariff of 1828
• John C. Calhoun – vice president who
resigned to lead South Carolina’s fight over
nullification in the Senate
• nullification – concept that a state could
void a federal law that it deemed
unconstitutional
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
• Whig – member of a political party formed
in the 1830s, favored a strong federal
government, protective tariffs, a national
bank, and internal improvements
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
What major political issues emerged
during the 1830s?
Conflicts and crises that arose during
Jackson’s presidency led to the formation of
a rival political party called the Whigs.
In spite of this, Jackson’s handpicked
successor, Martin Van Buren, won in 1836
but lost to the Whigs in 1840.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• In 1828, Congress
Tariffs were a
continuing source
of dispute between
the industrial North
(favored) and
agricultural South
(opposed).
passed a high
protective tariff.
• The goal was to
promote industry,
but the tariff raised
the prices farmers
had to pay for goods.
• Southerners called
it the Tariff of
Abominations.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1832, South Carolina voted to nullify
the tariff. The state threatened to secede
from the Union if the federal government
used force to collect the tariffs.
• Vice President John C. Calhoun expected
Jackson to reject the tariff. Instead, Jackson
modified it only slightly.
• In protest, Calhoun resigned as Vice President
to lead the nullification battle in the Senate.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Resolution of the Nullification Crisis of 1833
Jackson, a
Democrat,
normally
supported
southern states,
but he strongly
rejected this
challenge to his
authority and to
the Union.
Economic
nationalists such
as Daniel Webster
rejected the
concept of
nullification.
Congress passed
a Force Bill that
authorized troops
to enforce
collection.
In a
compromise,
Congress
lowered the
tariff. The
issues of
nullification
and secession
were left
unresolved.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Despite his opposition to nullification,
Jackson generally supported the
agricultural South.
• His ideal was an agrarian republic in which almost all
white men owned farms and enjoyed a rough equality.
• Industrialization and the growing class of wage earning
factory workers made his ideal unrealistic.
• The expanding gap between rich factory owners and
poor workers became troubling to many Americans.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The second Bank of the United States
divided Americans.
Jacksonian Democrats
• Felt the second
Bank symbolized
“money power.”
• Believed the new
business economy
encouraged
corruption.
• Opposed policies
they felt enriched
business at the
expense of farmers
and workers.
Business Leaders
• Believed the
second Bank
was necessary
to maintain a
stable supply of
currency.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• In 1832, Congress
voted to renew the
Bank’s charter.
• Jackson vetoed the
charter renewal.
• The “Bank War”
strengthened
Jackson’s popularity
with ordinary
Americans and
helped him win
reelection in 1832.
This cartoon shows Jackson using a
veto to slay a monster representing
the Bank and its supporters.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Presidential vetoes were rare. Bank supporters
denounced Jackson as a power-hungry tyrant and
formed a new political party, the Whigs.
The Whigs were led by Daniel Webster of
Massachusetts and Henry Clay of Kentucky.
Whigs favored a strong federal government, broad
interpretation of the Constitution, protective tariffs,
internal improvements, and moral reform.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
• Martin Van Buren of New
Jackson’s
economic
policies led
to disaster
for the next
president.
York, Jackson’s handpicked
successor, won the election
of 1836.
• With no federal banks, state
banks flooded the market
with currency, causing
extreme inflation.
• The government stopped
accepting paper money for
land purchases, leading to a
sudden drop in land values.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The resulting Panic of 1837 became the worst
depression the nation had yet experienced.
• Inflation caused by the state banks
hurt common people.
• The drop in land values led to
bankruptcies. Many planters and
farmers lost their land.
• A third of urban workers
lost their jobs, and wages
dropped by 30 percent.
The Panic hurt Van Buren
and the Democratic Party.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1840, the Whigs nominated
William Henry Harrison and John Tyler.
• Harrison was portrayed as a
simple farmer, born in a log
cabin, while Van Buren was
painted as an ineffective,
corrupt aristocrat.
• The slogan “Tippecanoe and
Tyler Too” reminded voters
of Harrison’s military record.
Harrison’s victorious 1840
campaign focused on symbols
like his log cabin background,
seen in this flag.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
One month after his inauguration,
President Harrison died of pneumonia.
• Vice President John Tyler assumed the
Presidency and, to the dismay of the
Whigs, rejected their policies.
• Tyler vetoed legislation to restore the
Bank of the United States and to enact
Clay’s American System.