Transcript Chapter 9 lesson 1 started 2/1

Ch. 9.1
Washington’s Presidency
• Essential Question:
Describe the establishment of the U.S.
government under President
Washington, and the purpose of the
Federal Judiciary Act of 1789.
Vocabulary
• 1. inaugurate – to swear in or induct into office
in a formal ceremony
• 2. cabinet – a group of department heads who
serve as the president’s chief advisers
• 3. Federal Judiciary Act – a law which created a
court system and gave the Supreme Court six
members.
• 4. tariff – a tax on goods imported into the
United States
Hamilton vs. Jefferson/Madison
Hamilton
Jefferson/Madison
Focus Questions
• 1. What was the purpose of President
Washington’s cabinet, and who were the
members of his cabinet?
• 2. What was the purpose of the Federal
Judiciary Act?
• 3. Why did Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan
include paying back the nation’s war debt?
• 4. What steps did Hamilton include (in his
financial plan) to improve the nation’s finances?
Focus Questions
• 5. Describe Hamilton’s beliefs regarding
government. (see chart)
• 6. Why did many southern states object to
helping the country pay off its war debt?
• 7. Why did Hamilton favor imposing high tariffs
on imported goods?
• 8. How did Jefferson & Madison’s views
regarding government differ from Hamilton’s
views? (see chart)
Washington Takes Office
• Electoral College chose two names for
president. Washington received the most
votes and was elected president
• John Adams, the runner-up became vice
president.
• Washington was inaugurated (sworn in
as president) April 30, 1789 at Federal
Hall.
Setting Up the Courts
• The Constitution created a Supreme Court,
but left it to Congress to decide the number of
judges.
• Congress passed the Federal Judiciary Act
of 1789. This act:
• Gave the Supreme Court six members
• Chose one Chief Justice
• Chose five associate justices
Washington’s Cabinet
• The Constitution gave Congress the task of creating
departments to help the president.
• The president had the power to appoint the heads of
these departments to assist and advise him on the
nation’s issues.
• The heads of the departments together became known
as the president’s cabinet
• Congress created three departments:
1. Department of War (Secretary: Henry Knox)
2. The State Department (Secretary of State: Thomas
Jefferson)
3. Department of the Treasury (Secretary: Alexander
Hamilton)
Economic Problems
• The new government had war debts totaling
52 million dollars.
• Alexander Hamilton believed the country must
pay its war debts or no country would ever lend
the U.S. money again in the future.
• Hamilton supported a strong central government
• He encouraged business and industry
• He believed the nation’s economic growth
depended upon wealthy merchants and
manufacturers.
Economic Problems
• In 1790 Alexander Hamilton presented his plan to
Congress:
1. Pay off all war debts
2. Raise government revenues
3. Create a national bank
• Because the Southern states had already repaid
their war debts; they did not want to help the
Northern states pay theirs.
• They reached a compromise: support for the plan
in exchange for the new nation’s capital located in
the South – between Virginia and Maryland along
the Potomac River.
Economic Problems
• Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the
Treasury also supported a tariff which is a
tax placed on imported goods. Why?
1. Raised money for the government
2. Encouraged people to buy
American made products
• The highest tariffs were on foreign goods like
shoes and textiles (fabrics)
Interpreting the Constitution
• Thomas Jefferson and James Madison believed:
• The Constitution supported less power to the
Federal Government
• The Government only has the powers specifically
stated in the Constitution, nothing more.
• Supported literal interpretation of the Constitution
• Opposed a national bank
• Alexander Hamilton disagreed:
- Constitution supported a strong Federal
Government
- Favored a “flexible” interpretation of the
Constitution
- National Bank is necessary to carry out the
government’s duties
Interpreting the Constitution
• Both Jefferson and Hamilton argued their
positions to President Washington
• Alexander Hamilton won, and the Bank of
the United States was set up in 1791.
• The First Bank of the United States was built
in 1791 and was located in Philadelphia PA
• It is now a national historic landmark.