Transcript GA Studies Unit 6

World War II and the Struggle for Rights
Standards
 SS8H10 The student will evaluate key post-World War
II developments of Georgia from 1945 to 1970.
 a. Analyze the impact of the transformation of agriculture
on Georgia’s growth.

 b. Explain how the development of Atlanta, including the
roles of mayors William B. Hartsfield and Ivan Allen, Jr.,
and major league sports, contributed to the growth of
Georgia.

 c. Discuss the impact of Ellis Arnall.

GA Performance Standards
 SSH8, SSH9, SS8E1, SSE2a
 Social/Political Impact of WWII
Essential Questions
What events led to WWII and U.S. involvement?
2. How did U.S. involvement determine the outcome of
WWII?
3. What was the social, political and economic impact
of WWII in Georgia?
1.
World War II
 Resulted from the growth and combination of two
regional conflicts in Europe and East Asia
 Germany and Japan wanted to expand their borders
 In order to do so, they had to conquer other countries

Lasted from 1939 to 1945
World War II
Allied Powers
Axis Powers
 Britain
 Germany
 France
 Italy
 Soviet Union
 Japan
 United States
World War II
 Two major events that led to the United States getting
involved
 The Holocaust

Nazi Germany’s systematic killing of Jews, Gypsies,
communists, intellectuals, and political dissenters; ended in
1945
 Japan bombing Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941; this
attack led to the U.S. entrance into World War II
U.S. Involvement
 Followed isolationism policy in which it kept itself
politically and militarily apart from the rest of the
world
 Franklin D. Roosevelt was President of the U.S. during
World War II
 Develop the Lend-Lease Act; the U.S. would sell
weapons to its allies
Georgia during World War II
 GA was mainly an agricultural state
 The U.S. involvement in the war brought economic
opportunities to Georgia
 Georgia played a significant role in the war effort
 Carl Vinson, Richard B. Russel, Jr., and President
Franklin D. Roosevelt shaped Georgia’s experience
during the war
Congressman Carl Vinson
 Helped build the U.S.
Navy in the years leading
up to World War II
 Many of the ships were
built in Savannah and
Brunswick
 Created jobs for
Georgians
 A.k.a “Admiral” to his
peers
Richard B. Russel, Jr.
 A senator that helped
build up the U. S.
military before WWII
 Helped to bring over a
dozen military bases to
Georgia
 Became an expert in
military strategy
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
 Spent a lot of time in
Warm Springs, GA in
hopes of curing his
Polio; died there in 1945
 His close relationship
with GA led to the
building of the Bell
Aircraft plant in Marietta
Summary Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What two events led the United States to join the fight in
World War II?
What company did President Roosevelt help bring to
Georgia?
What idea did Roosevelt have in regards to supplying
allies with weapons?
Who greatly increased the size of the U.S. Navy before
World War II?
Who brought many military bases and war time factories
to Georgia?
How did World War II change Georgia’s economy?
World War II made Georgia change from a farming state to an
industrial state. Before and during the war many factories that
built aircraft, weapons, uniforms, and ships were opened in
Georgia which provided many jobs. After World War II was over,
that industrial trend continued in Georgia, especially Atlanta.
William B. Hartsfield (1937 - 1961)
 Served as mayor of
Atlanta longer than any
other mayor in the city’s
history
 Atlanta’s population
multiplied by 10 times
 The Atlanta Airport was
later named in his honor
Ivan Allen, Jr.
 Served as mayor of
Atlanta from 1962 – 1970
 He was the only
politician in the South at
that time to support Civil
Rights
 Known for bringing
professional sports
teams to Atlanta
Ellis Arnall
 Served as governor of GA




from 1943 – 1947
allowed African Americans
to vote in white primary
elections
Was appointed attorney
general of GA at the age of
31 (the youngest in the
country)
Was defeated by Talmadge
Worked to bring
progressive reform to the
state
Summary Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What event made Georgia change from an
agricultural state to an industrial state?
Who is Atlanta’s airport named after?
What mayor brought the Braves to Atlanta?
Who owns the Atlanta Falcons?
Where do the Hawks and Thrashers play their home
games?
Who defeated Ellis Arnall and became Georgia’s
Governor in 1946?
From its founding in 1733 until 1865, Georgia was
dependent on slavery for the economic stability of the state.
Change came slowly to the state. In the 1940s and 1950s,
Georgia saw a great deal of social change. These changes set
the stage for the modern civil rights movement
Reverend Dr. Benjamin E. Mays
 A distinguished African American minister, educator,
scholar, and social activist
 Best known as the president of Morehouse College in
Atlanta, Georgia
Civil Rights Movement
 Herman Talmadge was governor of GA from 1948 –
1951
 Resisted the desegregation of public schools
 Started 1st sales tax in the state; used money to improve
the public school system
 Served four terms as Senator
Brown v. Board of Education
 In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the
Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
 The court ruled that schools must be desegregated
 Supreme Court decided that segregation denied equal
opportunity to all groups in the U.S.
 Took many years for segregation and discrimination to
end
1956 Georgia Flag
 In 1955, GA’s Democratic
Party Leader, John
Sammons Bell, raised the
issue of changing the state
flag
 Wanted the new flag to
contain the Confederate
battle flag’s symbols of
stars and bars
 The General Assembly of
Georgia voted to change
Georgia state flag in 1956
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
 A principal leader of the U. S. civil rights movement
 A clergyman and an advocate of nonviolent protest
 Entered Morehouse College at the age of 15
 Was instrumental in the social and political
advancement of African Americans
 Career in the civil rights movement began in
December of 1955 after the arrest of Rosa Parks
 In April 1968, Dr. King was assassinated in Memphis,
Tennessee
Summary Questions
1. Why was the Georgia flag changed in 1956? (to include
what)
2. Who influenced and helped shape the ideas of Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.?
3. After serving a governor, Herman Talmadge served
four terms as what?
4. What brought about change in the way children are
educated in the U. S.?
Even though the U.S. Congress had passed laws that
protested civil rights in 1964 and 1965, the struggle for
civil rights continued well into the 1970s.
The SNCC
 The Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee or
SNCC (called “Snick”) was one of the main groups
fighting for civil rights in the 1970s
 Formed in April 1960 after meeting Ella Baker, the
executive secretary of the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
 Helped planned the 1963 March on Washington
Sibley Commission
 A.k.a the General Assembly Committee on Schools
 Formed in 1960
 Used to survey how Georgians felt about desegregation
of schools; it slowed the process
 Desegregation of schools began in GA in the late 1960s
 Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter were the first
African American students to go to the UGA (in 1961)
Albany Movement
 The goal of the Albany Movement was to desegregate
the Albany, Georgia region
 Began in 1961
Civil Rights Act
 Goals from March on Washington came together in
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
 Guaranteed equal voting rights, prohibited segregation
in public places, banned segregation by trade unions,
schools, and employers that were involved in interstate
commerce or do business with the federal gov’t, called
for the desegregation of public schools, and assured
nondiscrimination in the distribution of federal funds
 In 1972, an amendment called the Equal Employment
Opportunity was added to this law, to extend protection
against discrimination to women in the work place.
BrainPop – Civil Rights
Lester Maddox
 Became the governor of GA in 1967
 Governor of GA during the March on Washington
 Strongly supported segregation
African Americans in Office
 Maynard Jackson
 Elected mayor of Atlanta in 1973
 1st African American mayor of a major southern city
 Mayor from 1974 to 1982 and was elected again in 1990
 Andrew Young
 An aide to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
 Executive director of the SCLC
 In 1972, won GA’s Fifth District seat in the U.S. House of
Representatives
 1st African American from GA to be elected to Congress
since the 1860s
The state of Georgia has had many important political,
economic, and social developments since 1970. Many
of these changes began at the end of the county unit
system.
County Unit System
 Started in GA in 1917
 GA used this system from 1917 – 1962
 Became legal when the Neil Primary Act was passed
 Before 1962 GA did not allow each individual to cast a
vote
 The winner of the popular vote in each county received
the “unit” votes for that county
 The system was declared unconstitutional in 1962 and
was ended by the Supreme Court
County Unit System
 Kept segregation going in Georgia
 When it ended, it gave African Americans equal voting
rights
 Carl Sanders was the first governor of Georgia to be
elected by popular vote
Carter did not approve of the segregation laws
throughout the South. These views have shaped many
of his policies and actions during his life.
Jimmy Carter
 James Earl Carter
 Born October 1, 1924 in Plains, GA
 Served in the navy from 1946 - 1953
 Elected to the GA Senate in 1962 and in 1964
 Won race for Governor in 1970
President Jimmy Carter
 Won the presidential election in 1976
 Significant Fact
 He was the only person from GA to serve as President of
the United States
 Two Positive Things
 Signed a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel
 Signed the Panama Canal Treaty
 Two Negative Things
 Poor economy
 Iranian Hostage Crisis
Life after presidency
 In October 2002, he received the Nobel Peace Prize for
his efforts to find peaceful solutions to problems
around the world
 In 1999, President Clinton awarded him the highest
civilian honor in the United States, the Presidential
Medal of Freedom
From the early 1900s until the early 1970s, Georgia
could be considered a one-party state.
GA’s Two-Party System
 Considered a one party state b/c politics were
controlled by the predominately white Democratic
Party
 A one-party system allows only one political party to
have political power
Political Developments Since 1970
 Voting Rights Act of 1965 encouraged many blacks to
vote
 Julian Bond, an African American civil rights leader,
won a seat in the GA state legislature in 1965
 Maynard Jackson became the first black mayor of a
large southern city, or Atlanta; in 1973; served 3 terms
 African Americans organized the Georgia Legislative
Black Caucus in 1975; to help African Americans
legislators make changes
African American leaders
 Calvin Smyre – appointed as the assistant floor leader
in 1983; became floor leader in 1986
 Gene Walker – elected as the Senate majority whip in
1989
 Bob Holmes – appointed to the House Budget
subcommittee in 1990
 Al Scott – Commissioner of Labor; 1st African
American to hold a statewide constitutional office
Georgia’s Political Changes Affect
the Economy
 Farming is still important, more industry has come to
the urban areas of the state
 Georgia’s leading manufactured goods are now
chemicals, food products, textiles, and transportation
equipment
Social Developments Since 1970
 Public Transportation systems in the state improved
 Education improved
 Racial equality improved
 Public housing improved
 More African American voters registered for the first
time
1996 Olympic Summer Games
 Came to Georgia in 1996
 Idea started with Billy Payne, an Atlanta lawyer 9 years
earlier
 Andrew Young, mayor of Atlanta at the time
 Two things that impressed the Olympic committee
 Georgia’s mild climate
 The city’s history as a center of the United States’ civil
rights struggle in the 1960s
1996 Olympic Summer Games
 Federal government paid to replace sidewalks, put up




street signs, and plant trees to make the Olympic sites
more beautiful
Cost the country millions of dollars
Streets and highways had to be fixed and enlarged to
handle all the traffic that would come to town during
the 17 days of the Olympics
More than 72 million visitors
Games were held in Savannah, Columbus, Athens,
Gainesville, and Cleveland
1996 Olympic Summer Games
 Atlanta continues to host sporting events today
 Housing was improved in Downtown Atlanta
Immigrants Coming to Georgia
 Immigrant is a person that moves to another country






to stay
In 1965 a larger number of immigrants moved to the
United States
For better jobs and homes
Most came from Mexico
Mostly worked in agriculture in Georgia
Mostly worked in textile mills in Dalton, GA
Main concern of the U.S. government is the abundance
of immigrants coming illegally.
Immigrants Coming to Georgia
 The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
created penalties, or punishments, for companies that
hire illegal immigrants