Transcript Section 1: Origins of the Cold War

Ch 21 Sec 1: Origins of the Cold War
•
Cold War (1945-1990) Confrontation and competition
between the US and USSR with actual fighting taking place
between nations that the rivals supported
•
Yalta Conference (Feb 1945) Meeting with FDR, Stalin
and Churchill that made plans for the world post WWII
•
Germany Divided – After the war Germany was divided
into four zones controlled by France, England, the US and
USSR. The capital of Berlin was also divided.
•
Potsdam Conference) (July 1945) Truman’s first meeting
with Stalin where he needed to show strength. Soviets
wanted Germany to pay reparations, Truman rejected this.
•
satellite nations – Eastern European nations not directly
under Soviet control but these communist nations stayed
loyal to Russia.
•
The Iron Curtain – Winston Churchill proclaimed the line
that divided Eastern Europe (communist) from Western
Europe (capitalist), marking the start of the Cold War.
The Week in Preview (Feb 2nd – 6th)
Mon (2/2)
Ch 21 Sec 1 “Origins of the Cold War”
Tue (2/3)
Ch 21 Sec 2 “Cold War in Europe (Berlin Airlift)”
Wed (2/4)
Ch 21 Sec 2 “Cold War in Asia (Korean War)”
Thu (2/5)
Ch 25 Sec 1 “The U.S. and Vietnam in the 1950s”
Fri (2/6)
Open Note Reading Quiz – Ch 21 Sec 3
______“The Cold War and American Society” pp. 668-674______
Mon (2/9)
Progress Reports Due
Fri (2/13)
TEST – “The Origins of the Cold War”
Ch 21 and Ch 25 Sec 1
Textbook Assignment (pp. 647-658)
Ch 20 Sec 5: The War Ends
1) What nations make up the Security Council
of the United Nations?
2) Who was put on trial by the International
Military Tribunal and what were the results?
Ch 21 Sec 1: Origins of the Cold War
1) What steps did the Soviet Union plan on
taking to ensure their safety after WWII ?
2) What compromise did Joseph Stalin and
Harry Truman agree on at the Potsdam
Conference in regards to Germany paying
reparations after WWII?
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Chapter Objectives
Section 1: Origins of the Cold War
• Explain the growing tensions between the
United States and the Soviet Union at the
end of World War II. 
• Identify the goals of Stalin’s foreign policy
immediately after the war.
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Guide to Reading
Main Idea
The detonation of the atomic bomb and the end of
World War II led to disagreements among the “Big
Three” wartime Allies and a shift in American
attitudes toward the Soviet Union. 
Key Terms and Names
• Cold War 
• Potsdam 
• satellite nation 
• iron curtain
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A Clash of Interests
• After World War II, the
United States and the
Soviet Union became
increasingly hostile, leading
to an era of confrontation
and competition that lasted
from about 1946 to 1990
known as the Cold War.
(pages 654–655)
A Clash of Interests (cont.)
• Soviets were concerned with security and wanted to
avoid future attacks from Germany.
• They wanted all countries between Germany and the
Soviet Union to be under Soviet control.
(pages 654–655)
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“One cannot forget the following fact: the Germans
carried out an invasion of the U.S.S.R. through
Finland, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, and
Hungary....One can ask, therefore, what can be
surprising in the fact that the Soviet Union, in a
desire to ensure its security for the future, tries to
achieve that these countries should have
governments whose relations to the Soviet Union
are loyal? .”
Joseph Stalin
This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.
(pages 615–617)
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A Clash of Interests (cont.)
• Soviets believed
communism was superior
to capitalism.
• They were suspicious of
capitalist countries
because they felt
capitalism would lead to
war and eventually
destroy communism.
(pages 654–655)
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A Clash of Interests (cont.)
• Americans were concerned with economic problems.
• Roosevelt and his
advisers believed
that economic
growth would keep
the world peaceful.
• American leaders
promoted a
democracy with
protections for
individual rights
and free enterprise
to create
prosperity.
(pages 654–655)
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The Yalta Conference
• A meeting of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at
Yalta–a Soviet resort on the Black Sea–was held to
plan the postwar world.
• Although the conference went well, some agreements
made would later become key in causing the Cold War.
(pages 655–657)
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The Yalta Conference (cont.)
• At Yalta, a compromise was made with Roosevelt
and Churchill agreeing to recognize the Polish
Communist government set up by the Soviets.
(pages 655–657)
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The Yalta Conference (cont.)
• Stalin agreed that
the government
would include
members from the
old Polish
government before
the war.
• Stalin agreed that
free elections would
take place in
Poland.
(pages 655–657)
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The Yalta Conference (cont.)
• During the meeting at Yalta, Roosevelt, Churchill, and
Stalin issued the Declaration of Liberated Europe,
giving people the right to choose their form of
government.
(pages 655–657)
The Yalta Conference (cont.)
• It was decided at Yalta to divide Germany and Berlin
into four zones, with Great Britain, the United States,
the Soviet Union, and France each controlling a
zone.
Berlin
(pages 655–657)
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The Yalta Conference (cont.)
• It was also agreed that
Germany would pay
reparations for damage
caused by the war.
• For the next several
years, arguments about
these reparations and
economic policy in
Germany would become
one of the major causes
of the Cold War.
(pages 655–657)
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The Yalta Conference (cont.)
• Tensions rose when
the Soviets did not
follow agreements
made at Yalta, which
caused SovietAmerican relations to
deteriorate.
(pages 655–657)
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The Yalta Conference (cont.)
• President Roosevelt
died and Vice
President Harry S
Truman became the
next President.
(pages 655–657)
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Truman Takes Control
• Harry S Truman took office, making it clear he would
stand firm against Stalin to keep promises he made
during Yalta.
• In July 1945,
Truman and Stalin
met at Potsdam
near Berlin to work
out a deal regarding
Germany.
• Truman was against
heavy reparations
on Germany, feeling
that the reparations
would not allow
German industry to
recover.
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(pages 657–658)
Truman Takes Control (cont.)
• Agreements were made allowing the Soviets to take
reparations from their zone in Germany and a small
amount of German industrial equipment from other zones.
(pages 657–658)
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Truman Takes Control (cont.)
• Stalin was not pleased
with Truman’s proposal.
• Truman then told Stalin
of the successfully
tested atomic bomb,
leading Stalin to think it
was a threat to get him
to agree to the deal.
• Stalin agreed, but
tensions rose.
(pages 657–658)
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Truman Takes Control (cont.)
• Other issues at Potsdam did not end successfully.
• The Declaration of
Liberation of
Europe was not
upheld, and the
Soviet army’s
presence led to
pro-Soviet
Communist
governments being
established in
Poland, Romania,
Bulgaria, Hungary,
and
Czechoslovakia.
(pages 657–658)
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Truman Takes Control (cont.)
• These Communist
countries of Eastern
Europe became known
as the satellite nations.
• Although they had their
own governments and
were not under direct
Soviet control, they had to
remain Communist and
follow Soviet- approved
policies.
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(pages 657–658)
Truman Takes Control (cont.)
• As Communists began
taking over Eastern
Europe, Winston
Churchill’s term, the iron
curtain, was used to
describe the separation of
the Communist nations of
Eastern Europe from the
West.
(pages 657–658)
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“From Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic, an
iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind
that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central
and eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna,
Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest, and Sofia, all these
famous cities and the populations around them lie in the
Soviet sphere and all are subject, in one form or another,
not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and
increasing measure of control from Moscow....Police
governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so
far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true
democracy.”
Winston S. Churchill
Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri
March 5th, 1946
This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.