Transcript DON`T

LECTURE
COMPREHENSION
&
NOTE-TAKING
1
PRE-COURSEWORK EVALUATION
2
LOOKING AT
LECTURE TRANSCRIPTS
RECOGNIZING CUES
• Cues to Topic Introduction
• Cues to Organization
• Cues to Topic Conclusions
Cues to Topic Introduction
• Explicit (stated) directions about what to look at or
listen for
– let’s first look at one aspect of language
– I want to look at the … way of looking at language
• A hint that the speaker ay be starting a new idea
– all right … from this point of view …
– now because we said language is a game doesn’t…
• A rhetorical question
– you might ask well how did the researchers judge psychological
distress? … they used five measures …
• A one- or two-word summary of the upcoming
information spoken with a statement intonation
– OK … definitions …
RECOGNIZING
PARAPHRASE, REPETITION,
EXEMPLICATION, & TANGENTS
• Paraphrase
– each person … knows all the rules of this game … they know how to
play …
– but the rules … no matter what we do are very well-defined … you may not
know what they are but they’re very clear rules of what you can do and
what you can’t do in any situation …
• Examples
– language is a game … like football, soccer, baseball …
• Tangent
– … we usually play it for serious reasons … most of the time …
although sometimes we tell jokes and things like that … hmmm
3
NOTE-TAKING BASICS
Noting Key Words
Example:
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United
States.
Notes: JFK—35th pres. of U.S.
Lecturer:
Lecturer:
Incorrect Notes:
Correct Notes:
Spiro Agnew was Richard Nixon’s vicepresident.
SA-RN’s v.p.
Agnew—Nixon’s v.p.
Noting Key Words
Example:
Lecturer:
The demand for oil has increased greatly in the past
one hundred years and so the price has also risen.
Notes: demand for oil ↑ in past 100 yrs. ∴ price ↑
Using Note-taking Symbols
Example:
＝
equals
～ approximately; circa
＞ is more than
＜ is less than
＆ and
↑
to go up, to rise
↓ to go down, to decrease
→ leading to; heading toward
∴
therefore; so
∵
because
／
per
1970
1970
c.
w/
w/o
since 1970
1970 and earlier
century
with
without
man; men
woman; women
♂
♀
Visually Representing Relationships &
the Relative Importance of Information
Example:
Lecturer: The three largest states in the United States are Texas, Alaska, and
California. Texas is located in the southern central part of the U.S. and is
on the border of Mexico. Alaska is located to the northwest of Canada,
and California is on the western coast of the continental U.S.
Notes: 3 largest states in US:
south central US
border of Mexico
TX
AK
NW of Canada
CA
W coast of
continental US
Visually Representing Relationships &
the Relative Importance of Information
Example:
Lecturer: The three largest states in the United States are Texas, Alaska, and
California. Texas is located in the southern central part of the U.S. and is
on the border of Mexico. Alaska is located to the northwest of Canada,
and California is on the western coast of the continental U.S.
Notes:
3 largest states in US
TX
south central US
border of Mexico
AK
NW of Canada
CA
W coast of
continental US
Visually Representing Relationships &
the Relative Importance of Information
Example:
Lecturer: A poll was taken recently surveying twelve hundred adults in the U.S. to find out
what they considered important in their lives. 96 percent said that having a good
family life was important. 95 percent said using their mind and abilities was
important. This latter quality was most important to women beginning work careers.
This priority marks a shift in the type of work people are involved in—moving
away from physical labor and toward jobs requiring mental skills.
Notes: poll—1,200 Americans—What is important in your life?
96%—have good family life
95%—use mind & abilities
most important to ♀ beginning careers
shows shift in work habits  jobs requiring mental skills,
not physical labor
EIGHT Dos AND DON’Ts FOR IMPROVING LECTURE
COMPREHENSION AND NOTE-TAKING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
DON’T try to note every word.
DON’T write everything out.
DON’T note indiscriminately.
DON’T take notes as if you were
writing a composition.
DON’T be a passive listener.
DON’T give up if you miss
information.
DON’T lose sight of the forest
for the trees. (Don’t’ listen for
details before getting the larger
picture.)
DON’T forget about your notes
when you leave the lecture.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
DO note key words.
DO use abbreviations & symbols.
DO evaluate as you listen. Decide what is
(un)important and (ir)relevant.
DO use the space on your paper to organize
information and visually represent the
relationship between ideas.
DO be an active listener. Predict lecture
content and organization.
DO make guesses if you miss information.
Remember that lecturers usually repeat and
paraphrase information.
DO listen for the lecturer’s main points
and for the general organizational
framework.
DO rewrite and/or add to your notes as
soon as possible after listening to the
lecture.
4
NOTING NUMBERS
AND STATISTICS
NOTING LARGE NUMBERS
IN ISOLATION
Example:
12,506,825,001
12,
Billons
506,
Millions
825,
Thousands
001
Ones
• Numbers are in groups of threes except for the group farthest to the left.
• Write a comma (,) every time you hear a word such as “billion,” “million” or
“thousand.”
• The “group of three” concept is very important when you have numbers such as
“100,001.” The zeros are necessary to hold the places in the category.