Transcript Amendment 11(1798) 2008

Amendment 11(1798):
Lawsuits Against a State
• 1st enacted to override a Supreme
Court decision
• No federal court may try a case in
which a state is being sued by a
citizen of another state or of a
foreign country
• Changes a provision of Article III,
Section 2
Amendment 12 (1804):
Election of President
and Vice President
• Changes the Electoral College
procedure
• Vote for each office on separate
ballots
• When only one ballot was used in 1800
Jefferson and Burr each received the
same number of votes and it had to
be decided by the House of
Representatives
Amendment 13 (1865):
Slavery Abolished
•1st of 3 amendments that were a
consequence of the Civil War
•Section 1: It states that slavery must
end in the United States and its
territories
•Section 2: Congress may pass
whatever laws are necessary to
enforce Amendment 13 (enabling
act)
Amendment 14 (1868):
Civil Rights Guaranteed
•Section 1: Definition of Citizenship
– Black Americans were granted citizenship
– Provides that all persons born or
naturalized in the United States and subject
to this country’s laws are citizens of the
United States and of the states in which
they live
– State laws may not deprive anyone of due
process of law or equal protection
Amendment 14 (1868):
Civil Rights Guaranteed
•Section 2: Apportionment of
representatives
– abolished the provision which said that 3/5 of
the slaves should be counted as population
•Section 3: Restrictions on holding office
– Designed to bar former leaders of the
Confederacy from holding federal office
Amendment 14 (1868):
Civil Rights Guaranteed
• Section 4: Valid public debts of the United
States
– Settle the question of debts
– All debts contracted by the United States were to
be paid
– No government was to pay the debts of the
Confederacy
– No compensation given to slave owners
• Section 5: Enforcement
– Enabling act
Amendment 15 (1870):
Black Voting Rights
• Section 1:
– Sought to protect the
right of citizens,
particularly former
slaves, to vote in federal
elections
• Section 2:
– Enabling act
Amendment 16 (1913):
Income Tax
• Authorizes Congress to tax
incomes
• It was necessary b/c in
1895 the Supreme Court
had decided that an
income tax law, passed by
Congress a year earlier,
was unconstitutional
Amendment 17 (1913):
Direct Election of Senators
• Section 1: Election by the people
– Changed Article I Section 3
– Allow the direct election of senators by
popular vote
– Anyone qualified to vote for a state
representative may vote for United States
senators
Amendment 17 (1913):
Direct Election of
Senators
• Section 2: Senate vacancies
– Writs of election to fill vacancies
– Temporary appointments can be made
to fill vacancies
• Section 3: Effective date
– The amendment shall not interfere with
a term or election until it is a valid part
of the Constitution
Amendment 18 (1919):
Prohibition
• Section 1:
– Forbade the manufacture, sale, or shipment of
alcoholic beverages within the United States
– Importing and exporting such beverages was
forbidden
• Section 2:
– Congress and the several states shall have the
power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation
Amendment 18 (1919):
Prohibition
• Section 3
– Had to be voted on and ratified for it to
go into action
– It had 7 years to become ratified after
it was submitted
• Amendment 18 was later repealed
by Amendment 21 in 1933
Amendment 19 (1920):
Women’s Voting Rights
• Section 1:
– Provides that women
citizens may not be
denied the right to
vote in federal or state
elections
• Section 2:
– Enabling act
Amendment 20 (1933):
Terms of Office and Presidential
Succession
• Section 1:
– President’s and Vice President’s terms end on
January 20th
– Senator’s and Representative’s terms end on
January 3rd
• Section 2:
– Congress must meet at least once a year on
January 3rd
Amendment 20 (1933):
Terms of Office and
Presidential Succession
• Section 3:
– If the President dies the Vice President takes over
– If the President doesn’t qualify then the Vice President
takes over
• Section 4:
– Gives Congress the power to make a law to decide what
to do if one of the candidates dies
Amendment 20 (1933):
Terms of Office and Presidential Succession
• Section 5
– Sections 1 and 2 shall
take effect on the 15th
of October following
ratification
Amendment 21 (1933):
Repeal of Prohibition
• Section 1
– Repealed
Amendment 18
• Section 2
– Allows states or local
governments to
continue prohibition
if they wish to do so
Amendment 22 (1951):
Limits on Presidential Terms
• A person can only
be elected to 2
terms
• If a person has
served more than 2
years of another
person’s term, they
can only serve 1
more full term
Amendment 23 (1961):
Voting in the District of Columbia
• Section 1
–Gave residents of the District of
Columbia the right to vote
–Before they could not vote for President
of Vice President b/c only states could
choose Presidential electors
• Section 2
–Enabling act
Amendment 24 (1964):
Poll Tax Illegal
• Section 1
–No poll tax or any other tax to vote
in federal elections (used to keep
black voters from polls)
–1966 Supreme Court ruled that
poll tax was unconstitutional
instate and local elections
• Section 2
–Enabling act
Amendment 25 (1967):
Presidential Disability
• Section 1: Vice President
– If the President is removed from office, dies, or
resigns the VP takes over
• Section 2: Replacing the VP
– Nominated by the President
– Majority of both the Houses of Congress
• Section 3: Presidential Inability to Act
– Transmits powers to VP
SHE DID IT WITH HER MIND
Amendment 25 (1967):
Presidential Disability
• Section 4: Determining Presidential
Disability
– VP & legislative say President can’t act the VP
takes over
– If he writes to Congress he can talk power back
– 4 days to decide
– 48 hours for Congress to meet
– 21 days and 2/3 vote in both houses
Amendment 26 (1971):
Voting Age
• Section 1
– Makes the voting age
18 years old
• Section 2
– Enabling act
Amendment 27 (1992):
Congressional Pay
• No law, varying the compensation for the
services of the Senators &
Representatives, shall take effect, until
an election of Representatives shall have
intervened