Transcript The Cold War

Tuesday Warm-Up
 Let’s review the material that was covered
in your assignment yesterday
Yalta Conference – February 1945
 Allied leaders Joseph Stalin, Winston
Churchill, and Franklin Roosevelt meet to
discuss post-WWII plans
 Leaders come to agreement on many topics
 Creation of United Nations
 Free elections allowed in states in
Eastern Europe
 Russia promises to join the war against
Japan
 Most importantly they agree to a divided
Germany
Potsdam Conference –August 1945
 Allied leaders Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill
and Harry Truman meet again to finalize plans for
post-WWII Europe
 Countries that fought with Hitler lost land and
had to pay reparations to the Allies
 Germany and the city of Berlin divided into 4
zones that were controlled by the United States,
France, Great Britain and the Soviet Union
Division of Germany and Berlin
The Marshall Plan(1947)
 US Secretary of State George Marshall
announces a program to help rebuild
Europe
 There was two motives for the Marshall
Plan
1.Helping Europe recover economically
would provide markets for American
products
2.A prosperous Europe would be better
equipped to resist the spread of
Communism
The United Nations
• 1945- official establishment of the United
Nations
• International organization whose main goal
is to keep peace in the world
• Meant to replace the failed League of
Nations
• Biggest change is that the United States
will be a member of this new organization
U.S. Domestic Policy
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US
1. Promote open markets for US goods to prevent
another depression
2. Promote democracy throughout the world,
especially in Asia and Africa
3. Stop the spread of communism
4. Fear of communism and spying in the United States
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR
1. Create greater security for itself
– lost tens of millions of people in WWII and
Stalin’s purges
– feared a strong Germany
2. Establish defensible borders
3. Encourage friendly governments on its borders
4. Spread communism around the world
Excerpt from Winston
Churchill’s “Iron Curtain
Speech.”
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic an iron curtain has descended
across the Continent. Behind that line lie
all the capitals of the ancient states of
Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw,
Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest,
Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these
famous cities and the populations around
them lie in what I must call the Soviet
sphere, and all are subject in one form or
another, not only to Soviet influence but to
a very high and, in some cases, increasing
measure of control from Moscow.”
The Berlin Crisis: June 1948-May 1949
• 1948: three western controlled zones of Germany united; grew in
prosperity due to the Marshall Plan
• West wanted East to rejoin; Stalin feared it would hurt Soviet
security.
• June 1948: Stalin decided to gain control of West Berlin
– Cuts road, rail and canal links with West Berlin, hoping to starve it
into submission
• West responded by airlifting supplies to allow West Berlin to survive
• May 1949: USSR admitted defeat, lifted blockade
Map of Berlin divided
into zones after WWII
A plane flies in supplies during the Berlin Airlift.
Video
Map of Germany divided
into zones after WWII
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NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization
In 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization to coordinate their defense against
USSR.
•It originally consisted of:
America, Belgium, Britain, Canada, Denmark, France,
Holland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal
•
Video
• Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, some former
Soviet republics have applied for membership to NATO.
•It still exists today!!!
How do you think the Soviet Union
Responded to the U.S. and NATO
?
•Warsaw Pact: organization of communist states in Central and
Eastern Europe.
•Established May 14, 1955 in Warsaw, Poland
•USSR established in in response to NATO treaty
•Founding members:
–Albania (left in 1961), Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Poland, Romania, USSR, East Germany
Greatest extent of Warsaw Pact
• McCarthy, did the most to whip up anti-communism
during the ‘50s.
• On February 9, 1950, he gave a speech claiming to
have a list of 205 Communists in the State
Department.
•McCarthy continued to repeat his groundless
charges, changing the number from speech to speech.
•Some states required loyalty oaths before hiring
certain jobs and performing tasks
•People were scared that neighbors
in their communities were
communists spies.
Senator Joe McCarthy (1908-1957)
McCarthy’s Downfall
• In the spring of 1954, the tables turned on
McCarthy when he charged that the Army had
promoted a dentist accused of being a Communist.
• For the first time, a television broadcast allowed
the public to see the Senator as a blustering bully
and his investigations as little more than a witch
hunt.
• In December 1954, the Senate voted to censure
him for his conduct and to strip him of his
privileges.
• The term "McCarthyism" lives on to describe antiCommunist fervor, reckless accusations, and guilt
by association.
• FILMS HAD POWER TO CORRUPT
AMERICAN PEOPLE
• BEGAN INVESTIGATING FILM
INDUSTRY FOR DISLOYALTY
“HOLLYWOOD 10”
Actors and writers protest the Hollywood Blacklist.
WRITERS, ACTORS, DIRECTORS, AND
PRODUCERS JAILED FOR CONTEMPT.
MANY IN THE ENTERAINMENT
INDUSTRY BECOME “BLACKLISTED”
Video
MEET THE ROSENBERGS
1. Former members of
the U.S. Communist
Party
2. Inactive for some
time.
3. Accused of
espionage (giving
Soviets the secrets to
the A-Bomb)
Outcome of their
trial...
• Both denied the
charges & claimed
that they were being
targeted because
they were Jewish.
• Died by electric
chair in 1953.
• Significance: First
“spies” to be killed.
What did this ruling mean for the American population? Was anyone safe
from Communism? Should people be scared of Soviet spies in the U.S.?
U.S. Domestic Policy
Google Classroom Activity
Log in to your chromebook and click on the
“U.S. Domestic Policy” activity. Follow
directions attached on information sheet
for your webquest.
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