Transcript SOL Review Unit Six PowerPoint - pams

SOL Review Materials for
Unit Six: Reforms of the
Progressive Era
1. Labor Unions were progressive organizations seeking better living
and working conditions for their members. Groups like the
American Federation of Labor, the Knights of Labor, and the I.W.W.
sought higher pay, more leisure time, and safer working conditions,
among other things. progressive groups seeking positive changes.
1. Labor Unions
Struggled for
Workplace Reforms
 Higher Wages for workers.
 Reduced working hours
 Restrictions placed on child labor.
 Improved safety conditions.
2. Progressives
made efforts to
help immigrants
adjust to the United
States of America.
Although some Nativists acted as bigots
towards immigrants, many American tried to
help immigrants make the transition to
American life:
 Settlement houses were created. Jane
Addams’ Hull House in Chicago was the
most famous.
 Political bosses tried to satisfy the needs
of immigrants – in exchange for their
votes! Political machines that gained
power by providing food, clothes, jobs, or
other aide for immigrant families.
 Writers tried to shed light on the
difficulties of immigrants lives in
America, like How the Other Half Lives by
Jacob Riis or The Jungle – Upton
Sinclair.
3. The Women’s
Suffrage Movement
succeeded in passing
the 19th Amendment to
the Constitution –
allowing women the
right to vote. And
women achieved other
rights as well!
 Educational opportunities – equal
access to colleges and universities.
 Women like Susan B. Anthony sought
both suffrage rights and property
rights.
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the leader
of the Seneca Falls Movement, a
conference for women’s rights that
demanded suffrage, the right to
divorce, the right to have custody of
their children, and access to the legal
system.
4. The temperance movement
was an effort to abolish alcohol
abuse in the United States.
 Groups like the Woman’s
Christian Temperance Union
and the Anti-Saloon League were
opposed to the distilling of and
drinking of alcohol.
 Individuals like Carry Nation and
Frances Willard sought an
amendment to forbid the
manufacturing of, the
transportation of, and the sale
of alcoholic beverages.
5. The 18th Amendment to the
Constitution made Prohibition
of alcohol the law of the land.
Although Prohibition was the law of the land, not everyone
followed the law. Bootleggers, Rumrunners, and
Moonshiners all profited from the illegal trade in alcohol.
5B. Remember that the 21st
Amendment to the Constitution
repealed the 18th Amendment.
6. African-Americans
rarely benefitted from
Progressive Reforms, but
Booker T. Washington
nevertheless fought for
equality.
•
Booker T. Washington believed that equality
could be achieved through vocational
education.
•
He founded Tuskegee Institute in order to
educate African-Americans in job skills –
vocations – and self-reliance.
•
Booker T. Washington was a gradualist,
meaning that – in the short term, he
accepted social segregation. He thought
that whites would be more generous with
African-American when they were better
educated.
7. W.E.B. DuBois
demanded immediate
social, political, and
economic equality for
African-Americans.
• DuBois was the founder of the Niagara
Movement, a group of African American
businessmen who sought to trade
profitably.
• He founded the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
• He wrote The Souls of Black Folk, a book
describing the African-American experience
in the late 19th Century.
• He believed that all barriers to equality for
African-Americans – including segregation,
bigotry, hate-crimes, violence, and
discrimination – must be removed with the
help of the government.
8. The Supreme Court Case of
Plessy V. Ferguson (1896).
In the case of Plessy V. Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court ruled that
segregation was legal, as long as the facilities in question were “separate
but equal.” The decision would allow segregation and “Jim Crow” laws to
exist for the next fifty-eight years.
The Plessy V. Ferguson case would remain the law of the land until 1954,
when the Brown V. Board of Education, Topeka, KS case would make
segregation illegal.
Homer Plessy was not
allowed to sit in a first
class seat, because he
was black. The East
Louisiana Railroad
Company, owned by
E.S. Ferguson, was
allowed to keep up its
racist, segregationist
policy.
9. “Jim Crow” laws enforced
racial segregation across America.
 “Jim Crow” laws were used
to promote racial
segregation in all public
places in the South.
 Segregation also existed in
the Southwestern States
(usually separating Latinos
from whites) and in the
Pacific Coast states (where
Chinese, Japanese, or
Filipinos were segregated
from whites.)
10. Native Americans
were not even
considered citizens of
the United States until
1924.
Another failure of the
Progressive Era was the
abandonment of Native American
tribes on the reservations. Since
they were unable to practice
their traditional lifestyles, and
they were confined to the
reservations, many Native
American communities declined
during this period. They were
also taken advantage of by
government agents.
It wasn’t until 1924 that Native
American were granted American
citizenship.
Native Americans
on reservations
were often
dependent upon
the government for
food and supplies.
Government
agents often took
advantage of these
tribes to make
money for
themselves.