Transcript US History II - Andrewshistoryportal

USII.5: Late 19th Century to
World War I
Lisa Pennington
Social Studies Instructional Specialist
Portsmouth Public Schools
Vocabulary
• Yellow journalism: publishing of
exaggerated and/or made up news stories
to attract readers and influence their ideas.
• Imperialism: practice of establishing and
controlling colonies.
• Dollar Diplomacy: U.S. policy in the early
1900’s of investing money in Latin
American countries in the hopes that more
stable governments would develop.
Vocabulary
• Gunboat Diplomacy: policy of making a
show of force to prevent both Latin
American instability and European
interference in the Western Hemisphere.
The Spanish American War
• The United States
emerged as a world
power as a result of
victory over Spain in
the Spanish American
War.
The Spanish American War
• Economic interests
and public opinion
often influence U.S.
involvement in
international affairs.
Reasons for the Spanish American
War
• Protection of
American business
interests in Cuba.
• What kinds of
businesses was the
U.S. trying to protect?
• (coffee and sugar)
Reasons for the Spanish American
War
• American support of
Cuban rebels to gain
independence from
Spain.
• Why do you think
Americans supported
the Cuban rebels?
http://cordova.lib.il.us/Vet-spanishAmerican.jpg
Reasons for the Spanish American
War
• Rising tensions as a
result of the sinking of
the U.S.S. Maine in
Havana Harbor.
• "WARSHIP MAINE WAS
BLOWN UP . . . HAVANA
. . . FEB. 15 . .."
16 February 1898, State Journal
Reasons for the Spanish American
War
• Exaggerated news
reports of events
(yellow journalism)
http://nhs.needham.k12.ma.us/cur/Baker_00/2001_p4/baker_rb_kk_cl_p4/exflag.jpg
Results of the Spanish American
War
• The United States
emerged as a world
power.
• How did the United
States emerge as a
world power? Who
did they defeat?
Results of the Spanish American
War
• Cuba gained
independence from
Spain.
http://www.cubaflags.com/images/cuban-flag-old.jpg
Results of the Spanish American
War
• The United States
gained possession of
the Philippines,
Guam, and Puerto
Rico.
http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Philippines_physical_map.jpg
Results of the Spanish American
War
http://images.nationmaster.com/images/motw/americas/puerto_rico.jpg
http://kiteboardingguam.andrewsupdates.com/images/guam_map_kitespots.jpg
Results of the Spanish American War
http://www.tcnj.edu/~miller47/world%20map.jpg
Guam
Cuba
Philippines
Puerto Rico
Vocabulary
• Roosevelt Corollary: policy that extended the
Monroe Doctrine and said the U.S. had the
right to force countries in the Western
Hemisphere to pay their debts in order to
prevent European interference.
• Rough Riders: a group of cowhands, college
students, and African American soldiers who
fought with Teddy Roosevelt in the Spanish
American War, who charged San Juan Hill.
Vocabulary
• Big Stick Diplomacy: Teddy Roosevelt’s
belief that if you show that you are strong,
no one will pick on you. “Big Stick”
equaled a big navy.
• Monroe Doctrine: President Monroe’s
U.S. policy that no future European
colonization could take place in North or
South America.
The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine
http://www.lahsapgov.com/images/tr_big_stick.gif
• Asserted the United
States right to
interfere in economic
matters of nations in
the Americas.
• Claimed the United
States right to
exercise international
police power.
The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine
• Advocated Big Stick
Diplomacy (building
the Panama Canal)
• How is the Roosevelt
Corollary an example
of the United States’
new position as a
world power?
https://wikis.nyu.edu/ek6/modernamerica/uploads/Imperialism.EffectsOfTheRoosevelt
Corollary/PanamaMap.gif
Vocabulary
• Nationalism: feelings of loyalty and pride people
have for their country.
• Alliance: group of countries that share
allegiance to each other through treaties.
• Imperialism: nations built colonies in varied
areas of the world which created resentment in
other nations.
• Lusitania: British passenger ship sunk by
German u-boats in 1915. Americans were
among the 1,200 who died.
Vocabulary
• Balance of power: groups of countries
that have equal power.
• U-boats: German submarines.
• Zimmerman note: document that showed
that Germany was trying to make an
alliance with Mexico in 1917.
• Sussex Pledge: promise by Germany
during WWI not to sink passenger or
merchant ships.
Vocabulary
• Treaty of Versailles: 1919; ended WWI.
• League of Nations: peace keeping plan
developed by Woodrow Wilson in 1920. It
was point 14 of the 1918 Fourteen Points
speech to Congress. It consisted of a
General Assembly of representatives of
countries who were required to protect one
another’s territories against attack.
Vocabulary
• Isolationism: the U.S. should not become
involved in foreign affairs, nor should the U.S.
allow other countries to become involved in
our affairs.
• Self-determination: people should decide for
themselves what nation they belong to.
• Reparations: money paid by defeated
nations as payment for wrongs, damages, or
injuries suffered by other nations during a
war.
U.S. Involvement in World War I
• The United States involvement in World
War I ended a long tradition of avoiding
involvement in European conflicts and set
the stage for the United States to emerge
as a global superpower later in the 20th
century.
• There were disagreements about the
extent to which the United States should
isolate/separate itself from world affairs.
Reasons for U.S. involvement in
war
• Inability to remain
neutral. (1917)
• German submarine
warfare: the sinking
of the Lusitania.
(1915)
• U.S. political and
economic ties to
Great Britain.
http://www.uidaho.edu/student_orgs/arthurian_legend/england/sites/images/ENGLAND.gif
http://www.shapesoftime.net/FileSystem/upfile/j00013/lusitania2.jpg
Reasons for U.S. Involvement in
war
• The Zimmerman
Telegram
• This document showed
that Germany was trying
to make an alliance with
Mexico in 1917.
• Why was the telegram a
threat to the U.S.? How
is that threat depicted in
the cartoon?
http://rutlandhs.k12.vt.us/jpeterso/MOREWW1/ZMMRMN.JPG
Major Allied Powers
• Great Britain
http://www.hertfordshire.com/pages/maps/images/great-britain-map.gif
Major Allied Powers
• France
http://www.francegetaways.com/images/maps/france_main.jpg
Major Allied Powers
• Russia
http://atlas.mapzones.com/russia/russia.jpg
Major Allied Powers
• Serbia
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/europe/serbia.jpg
Major Allied Powers
• Belgium
http://www.state.gov/cms_images/map_belgium.jpg
Central Powers
• Germany
http://www.acu.edu/academics/cas/fl/german/german/a1914eu.gif
Central Powers
• Austria-Hungary
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=64951&rendTypeId=4
Central Powers
• Bulgaria
http://www.mapsofworld.com/bulgaria/maps/bulgaria-map.jpg
Central Powers
• Ottoman Empire
http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/ottoman_e
mpire_1914.htm
Allied Powers vs. Central Powers
http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~worldwarone/WWI/TheGeographyOfTheGreatWar/images/Figure19-Page22-sm.jpg
U.S. Leadership as the War Ended
• At the end of World War I,
President Woodrow
Wilson prepared a peace
plan known as the
Fourteen Points that
called for the formation of
the League of Nations, a
peace-keeping
organization.
http://www.archives.gov/calendar/images/woodrow-wilson.jpg
U.S. Leadership as the War Ended
• The United States
decided not to join the
League of Nations.
• Why did the U.S.
decide not to join the
League of Nations?
Who did join? Is it
really a peacekeeping
organization if not all
nations have joined? The opening session of the League of Nations.
http://library.thinkquest.org/C008616/site/pics/League%20of%20Nations%20opening%20session.jpg