Transcript THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Guerrero
US History
Foundations of American
Government
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1776
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1939- 1945
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THE GOVERNMENT
OF
THE
UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
• This document was signed on July 4th 1776
and declared the United States independent
from Great Britain.
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The First Lines
• When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary
for one people to dissolve the political bands which have
connected them with another, and to assume among the
powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to
which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them,
a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that
they should declare the causes which impel them to the
separation.
• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,
Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these
rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving
their just powers from the consent of the governed,
Articles of Confederation
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The Articles Of Confederation: First Government of the United States (1781 1789)
(TAKS AND STAAR)
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Shays Rebellion
Trade
Weaknesses
Debt
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3
Diplomacy
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3
Trade
1.
The national government
had no power regulate
trade
2. Each state had its own
duties and restrictions on
imports from both
England and other states.
3.
Economically each state
began to act as an
independent country.
Diplomacy
1.
Congress was unable to force the
states to obey the treaty that ended
the Revolutionary war.
2. When the states refused to pay
back pre war debts and return
confiscated property to loyalists the
British refused to leave some of
their posts in the Ohio River Valley.
3. When Congress was unable to
negotiate a the boundary between
Georgia and Spanish Florida, Spain
closed the Mississippi River to
American Farmers
Debt
1.
A post war recession made it
necessary for farmers to keep
borrowing money to plant crops.
2. The States and Congress also
struggled to pay back money they
borrowed to fund the Revolution.
3. The states began to issue paper
money that was not backed by
silver or gold which resulted in
inflation.
Shays Rebellion
1.
Daniel Shays a farmer who led
an armed rebellion in the state
of Massachusetts.
2. Shays was outraged that his
state government had raised
taxes and was then foreclosing
on the property of farmers who
could not pay.
3. The Rebellion was a “wake up
call “ to many that a stronger
central government was needed
Constitution
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THE CONSTITUTION
• During the Revolutionary War the Continental
Congress created a government with a weak
central government called, The Articles of
Confederation.
• In 1787, a new government was created in a
document called the Constitution.
Guiding Principles
• Popular Sovereignty: The government belongs to
the People.
• Checks and Balances: Each branch can keep the
other branches from becoming too powerful.
• Separation of Powers: The powers of the
government are divided up.
• Republicanism: The people elect representatives
to govern the country.
• Limited Government: People have basic rights the
government cannot violate.
Legislative
• US Congress
• Powers: -Create and pass laws
-Vote on budget
Term Lengths: Senate 6 years,
House 2 years
Checks on Executive: Can override vetoes, Impeach the president, Confirm
appointments.
Checks on Judicial: Can remove judges. Can approve or rejects nominations.
Executive
• President
• Powers: -Enforce national laws
-Commander of the military
-Chief diplomat
Term Limit: 2 4 year terms
Checks on Legislative: Can veto any law.
Checks on Judicial: Nominates federal judges.
Judicial
• Supreme Court
• Powers:-Interpret laws. (Judicial Review)
• Term Length: Lifetime appointment
Checks on Legislative: Can declare laws unconstitutional.
Checks on Executive: Can declare laws unconstitutional.
Amendments
• Amendments: Changes to the Constitution.
• Bill of Rights: The first 10 Amendments that
were designed to protect basic rights.
• Creating an Amendment: 2/3rds of Congress
approves the amendment, then 3/4ths of
state legislatures ratify it.
Bill of Rights
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Bill of Rights
December 15, 1791
1. Speech, Religion, Press
and Petition.
2. Keep and bear arms
3. Conditions for
quartering soldiers
4. Search and Seizure
Regulated
5. Provisions concerning
prosecution
6. Speedy trial, witnesses,
council, in the state.
7. Trial by jury
8. Excessive bail and cruel
punishment
9. Construction of the
constitution
10. Rights of the States
FEDERALISM
Reconstruction Amendments
• 13th – 1865
– Outlawed Slavery in the
United States
• 14th – 1868
– Defined US Citizenship
– Gave Citizenship to
former slaves
– No state shall deprive
any person of life,
liberty or property with
out due process of law
or deny to any person
equal protection of laws
• 15th -1870
-Right to vote for
former slaves (Male)
Progressive Era Amendments
• 16th 1913
– Income Tax
• 17th 1913
– Direct election of US
Senators by popular vote
• 18th 1919
- Prohibition of
intoxicating liquors
Along with Volstead Act
• 19th 1920
- Right to vote for
women
• 21th 1933
– Repealed the 18th and
ended prohibition
Civil Rights and Vietnam
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Civil Rights
24th
1964
Prohibited poll tax in
federal elections
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Vietnam
26th
1971
Lowered the voting age
from 21 to 18.