Transcript Mexican American War

BELLWORK
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Describe the problems Mexico faced
post-Revolution. How does this lead to
the rise of Santa Anna?
How does the U.S. policy of Manifest
Destiny threaten Mexico’s territory?
Who was Stephen Austin?
Explain the progression of Texan
independence.
THINKER: In your opinion, did the U.S.
have the right to intervene in Texas?
Was there an alternative option?
The Mexican-American War
1846-1848
Invasión Estadounidense a
México
The Road to War
Discuss:
post-rev
problems in
Mexico &
rise of
Santa Anna
The State of Texas
Discuss:
Background
& role of
Stephen
Austin
The State of Texas
Discuss: The
progression of
Texan
independence
leading to war
The State of
Texas
• General Sam Houston (leader of Texan
revolution; elected Texan President)
• Texans had early defeats (Alamo - 1835)
• Eventually, Texans win independence after
Battle of San Jacinto
Remember the Alamo!
• During a 13-day siege, Santa Anna
led an assault on the Alamo
• Former Roman Catholic mission and
fortress compound (held
supplies/weapons)
• 1,500 Mexicans vs. 250 Texans
• All Texans were killed, but Santa
Anna’s cruelty caused more Texans
and other U.S. citizens to join the fight
• Motivated by revenge, Texas defeats
Mexican army at Battle of San Jacinto
& wins their independence!
The Fall of the Alamo (1903) by
Robert Jenkins Onderdonk, depicts
Davy Crockett wielding his rifle as a
club against Mexican troops who
have breached the walls of the
mission
U.S.-Mexican relations leading to WAR!
Stephen Austin is given a grant by Spain to ____________________________
Mexico gains independence in 1821
Increased migration to TX; Mexico tries to stop this by __________________
Texas attempts peaceful negotiations for secession…..DENIED!
Santa Anna responds by _________________________________
U.S. gets involved by ____________________________________
1836 Treaty of Velasco declares _________________________
What happened to Santa Anna?
In 1845, the U.S. _________________________________
WAR!!!! Texans led by ___________ & Mexicans led by _______________
Discussion & Review
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TX attempted peaceful negotiations for succession 
Santa Anna refuses, and sends troops into Texas 
Texas fights back with aide from U.S. 
1836 Treaty of Velasco gave Texas independence 
1836: Santa Anna is exiled 
1845: U.S. votes to allow annexation of Texas 
WAR!!!
Do you think the United States had the right to annex
Texas? Why or why not?
James Polk
President Polk appointed Zachary
Taylor as American General; he would
later become the 12th president
Changes in Mexican Leadership
Following
Santa Anna’s
exile: Jose
de Herrera
ruled (MayNov. 1845)
followed by
General
Mariano
Paredes
Polk & US Involvement
"Mexico has
passed the
boundary of the
United States,
has invaded
our territory and
shed American
blood upon
American soil.”
- President Polk’s
address to
Congress;
5/11/1846
Opponents of War
• Anti-slavery groups
• “In the murder of Mexicans upon their own soil, or in
robbing them of their country, I can take no part either
now or here-after. The guilt of these crimes must rest on
others. I will not participate in them” (U.S. Diplomat –
Joshua Gittings)
• “This war is nondescript .... We charge the President with
usurping the war-making power ... with seizing a
country ... which had been for centuries, and was then in
the possession of the Mexicans .... Let us put a check
upon this lust of dominion. We had territory enough,
Heaven knew” (Congressman Abraham Lincoln)
Discussion
• Do you think there was an alternative to
war? Was negotiation possible?
Manifest Destiny
Migrating West of the Appalachians
What caused
people to
move
West???
Population
growth in
America by
decade
1610
3,800
1840
17,069,453
1620
4,100
1850
23,191,876
1630
4,600
1860
31,443,321
1650
50,400
1870
38,558,371
1670
111,900
1880
50,189,209
1690
210,400
1890
62,979,766
1700
250,900
1900
76,212,168
1720
466,200
1910
92,228,496
1740
905,600
1920
106,021,537
1750
1,170,800
1930
123,202,624
1770
2,148,100
1940
132,164,569
1780
2,780,400
1950
151,325,798
1790
3,929,214
1960
179,323,175
1800
5,308,483
1970
203,211,926
1810
7,239,881
1980
226,545,805
1820
9,638,453
1990
248,709,873
1830
12,866,020
2000
281,421,906
2010
308,745,53
Manifest Destiny
• “From sea to shining
sea”
• Belief that the United
States was destined
to expand across the
North American
continent.
• Used to justify war
with Mexico and
taking over Native
American land.
Discussion
• In your opinion, did America accomplish
Manifest Destiny? Why or why not?
Santa Anna’s Return
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Once the U.S. declared war on Mexico, Santa
Anna (in exile) wrote to Mexico City saying he no
longer had aspirations to the presidency, but
would eagerly use his military experience to fight
off the foreign invasion of Mexico as he had
before.
President Valentín Gómez Farías was desperate
enough to accept the offer and allowed Santa
Anna to return.
Meanwhile, Santa Anna had secretly been
dealing with representatives of the U.S., pledging
that if he were allowed back in Mexico through
the U.S. naval blockades, he would work to sell
all contested territory to the United States at a
reasonable price.
Once back in Mexico, at the head of the army,
Santa Anna went back on both agreements.
He declared himself president again and
unsuccessfully tried to fight off the U.S. invasion.
Discussion
• Why did the Mexican government allow
Santa Anna to return? Do you think this
was a good or bad decision on their part?
The Progress of
War
Discuss:
Advantages/Disadvantages
of both sides
America’s Two-Pronged Invasion
Battle of Veracruz
By: Carl Nebel
American Occupation of Mexico City
By: Carl Nebel
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Discussion
• The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
guaranteed American citizenship to
Mexicans living in the new territory, but
was not enforced. Do you think something
else should have been added to the treaty
to protect Mexican (newly “American”)
citizens? Or did the government not
consider this an issue?
Results of Mexican-American War
• Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
• Mexican Cession in
exchange for payment of $15
million
• U.S. forgave Mexico’s $3.5
million debt
• Mexico accepted Texas as
part of U.S.
• National border became the
Rio Grade
• U.S. guaranteed Mexicans
American citizenship
This cartoon depicts U.S. General Zachary
Taylor sitting atop the skulls of MexicanAmerican war casualties
Discussion
• Regarding the Civil War, Ulysses S. Grant said: “The
Southern rebellion was largely the outgrowth of the
Mexican War. Nations, like individuals, are punished
for their transgressions. We got our punishment in
the most violent and expensive war of modern
times”
• Do you agree with Grant? How could the MexicanAmerican War lead to the Civil War?
Review animated map
• http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/tim
eline_flash.html
Mexican-American War Review
Causes
Effects