Transcript AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE

STANDARD(S) ADRESSED:
11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to
its role as a world power in the twentieth century.
LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT
1. Describe U.S. involvement in Puerto Rico.
2. Identify causes and effects of the PhilippineAmerican War.
3. Explain the purpose of the Open Door Policy
in China.
4. Summarize the views regarding U.S.
imperialism.
Section 3
Acquiring New Lands
In the early 1900s, the United States engages in
conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines.
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SECTION
3
Acquiring New Lands
Ruling Puerto Rico
Military Rule
• During Spanish-American War, General Nelson
A. Miles occupies island
• Puerto Rico under military control
• People split on independence, statehood,
self-government under U.S.
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SECTION 3:
ACQUIRING NEW LANDS
• The U.S had to decide
how to rule the new
lands
• Puerto Rico wanted
their independence– but
the U.S. had other
plans
• Puerto Rico was
important to the U.S.
strategically
• The U.S. set up a civil
government, full
citizenship, and a
bicameral system
SECTION
3
Acquiring New Lands
Ruling Puerto Rico
Return to Civil Government
• PR strategic as post in Caribbean, for protection of
future canal
• 1900, Foraker Act sets up civil government
- president appoints governor, upper house
• 1917, Puerto Ricans made U.S. citizens; elect both
houses
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Chapter 10 Section 3
• A – Why was Puerto Rico important to the
United States?
– Puerto Rico was strategically important to the
US, both for maintain a presence in the
Caribbean
– and for protecting a future canal that the
Americans wanted to build across the isthmus
of Panama.
Chapter 10 Section 3
Guided Reading:
Puerto Rico
1898-1916
What was its relationship to the U.S.? very similar to that of a colony or
protectorate
Why did the U.S. try to control its
affairs?
its location was of strategic
importance to the US
What laws and policies affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Treaty of Paris; Foracker Act;
Imperialist policies
What violent events affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Spanish-American War
SECTION
3
Cuba and the United States
American Soldiers
• U.S. recognizes Cuban independence from Spain
• Teller Amendment says U.S. has no intention of
taking over Cuba
• After war U.S. occupies Cuba; has same officials
in office as Spain
- Cuban protestors imprisoned or exiled
• American military government helps rebuild the
country
Continued . . .
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SECTION
3
continued
Cuba and the United States
Platt Amendment
• U.S. makes Cuba add Platt Amendment to its
1901 constitution
• Platt Amendment does not allow Cuba to go into
debt; also stipulates
- no treaties that let foreign power control land
- U.S. has right to intervene
- U.S. can buy, lease land for navy
• Protectorate—country whose affairs partly
controlled by stronger one
Continued . . .
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CUBA AND THE UNITED
STATES
• The Treaty of Paris granted
full independence to Cuba
• The U.S signed an
agreement with Cuba known
as the Platt Amendment
1903
• Key features of “Platt”
included the right of the U.S.
to maintain naval stations on
the island and the right to
intervene in Cuban affairs
• Cuba had become a
“protectorate” of the U.S.
Today the U.S. has a prison in
Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
SECTION
3
continued
Cuba and the United States
Protecting American Business Interests
• U.S. wants strong political presence to protect
American businesses
• Some object to colonial entanglements, do not think
colonies needed
• U.S. state department continues to push for control
of Latin America
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 3
Guided Reading:
Cuba
1989-1903
What was its relationship to the U.S.? Protectorate: very similar to colony
status
Why did the U.S. try to control its
affairs?
to protect American business
What laws and policies affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Plat Amendment; imperialist policies
What violent events affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Spanish-American War
SECTION
3
Filipinos Rebel
Philippine-American War
• Filipinos outraged at Treaty of Paris call for
annexation
• 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo leads fight for
independence against U.S.
• U.S. forces Filipinos to live in designated zones in
poor conditions
- white U.S. soldiers see Filipinos as inferior
- black troops troubled at spreading prejudice
• 20,000 Filipinos die in fight for independence
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THE WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES
• U.S. forces surprised
Spain by attacking the
Spanish colony of the
Philippines
• 11,000 Americans
joined forces with
Filipino rebel leader
Emilo Aguinaldo
• By August, 1898 Spain
had surrendered to the
U.S. in Manila
Chapter 10 Section 3
• B What were the aims of the Filipinos?
– Filipinos wanted independence
• What were the aims of the Americans?
– Americans wanted to govern the islands.
FILIPINOS REBEL
• Filipinos reacted with
rage to the American
annexation
• Rebel leader Emilio
Aguinaldo vowed to fight
for freedom and in 1899
he led a rebellion
• The 3-year war claimed
20,000 Filipino rebels,
4,000 American lives and
$400,000,000 (20x the
price the U.S. paid for the
land)
U.S. troops fire on rebels
SECTION
3
Filipinos Rebel
Aftermath of the War
• U.S. president appoints governor who appoints
upper house
- people elect lower house
• July 4, 1946, Philippines become independent
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Chapter 10 Section 3
Guided Reading:
The Philippines
1898-1945
What was its relationship to the U.S.? Similar to Protectorate and colony
Why did the U.S. try to control its
affairs?
to provide the US with raw material and
new markets
What laws and policies affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Treaty of Paris; Removal policy;
Imperialist policies
What violent events affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Spanish-American War; PhillipineAmerican War
SECTION
3
Foreign Influence in China
U.S. Interest in China
• U.S. sees China as vast potential market,
investment opportunity
• France, Britain, Japan, Russia have settlements,
spheres of influence
Continued . . .
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FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA
• China was a vast potential
market for American
products
• Weakened by war and
foreign intervention, many
European countries had
colonized in China
• In 1889, John Hay, U.S.
Secretary of State, issued
the Open Door Policy
which outlined his plan for
free trade among nations
in China
Foreign
nations were
opening the
door to China’s
trade
SECTION
3
Foreign Influence in China
John Hay’s Open Door Notes
• U.S. Secretary of State John Hay issues Open
Door notes
• Notes ask imperialist nations to share trading rights
with U.S.
• Other powers reluctantly agree
Continued . . .
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SECTION
3
continued
Foreign Influence in China
The Boxer Rebellion in China
• Europeans dominate most large Chinese cities
• Chinese form secret societies, including Boxers,
to expel foreigners
• Boxers kill hundreds of foreigners, Chinese
converts to Christianity
• U.S., Britain, France, Germany, Japan put down
Boxer Rebellion
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BOXER REBELLION
• European nations dominated
China’s cities
• Resentment arose in the
form of secret societies
determined to rid China of
these “foreign devils”
• The Boxer’s were a secret
group that rioted in 1900,
killing and vandalizing all
things foreign
• Foreign Troops were called
in to put down this “Boxer
Rebellion”
SECTION
3
continued
Foreign Influence in China
Protecting American Rights
• Hay issues new Open Door notes saying U. S. will
keep trade open
• Open Door policy reflects beliefs about U.S. economy:
- growth depends on exports
- U.S. has right to keep markets open
- closing of area threatens U.S. survival
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AMERICANS PROTECT RIGHTS
IN ASIA
• After the Boxer Rebellion,
John Hay again issued a
series of Open Door Policies
• These policies reflected
American beliefs in the
importance of exports, the
right of America to intervene
to keep foreign markets open,
and the belief that America’s
survival depended on access
to foreign markets
Chapter 10 Section 3
• C – Why did the
Secretary of State John
Hay issue the policy
statements known as
the Open Door notes?
– To protect American
access to Chinese
markets and to help
maintain the
independence of China.
SECTION
3
The Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains
The Anti-Imperialist League
• McKinley’s reelection confirms most Americans
favor imperialism
• Anti-Imperialist League has prominent people from
different fields
• For various reasons, agree wrong to rule others
without their consent
NEXT
Chapter 10 Section 3
Guided Reading:
China
1900
What was its relationship to the U.S.? Trading partner
Why did the U.S. try to control its
affairs?
to establish and protect new markets
What laws and policies affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Open Door policy; Imperialist policies
What violent events affected its
relationship with the U.S.?
Boxer Rebellion
Chapter 10 Section 3
Guided Reading:
John Hay’s “Open Door notes” paved the way for greater U.S.
influence in Asia. What were the 3 beliefs held by Americans that
were reflected by the Open Door policy?
The U.S. economy relied on exports to ensure growth.
The U.S. had the right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open
to it.
U.S. survival was threatened by the closing of an area to American
products, citizens, or ideas.
• Why was the U.S. Interested in events
in Puerto Rico?
– Puerto Rico was seen as a gateway to
safeguard the Panama Canal it envisioned
being built.
Chapter 10 Section 3
Guided Reading:
Puerto Rico
1898-1916
What was its
relationship to the
U.S.?
very similar to that of a colony
or protectorate
Cuba
1989-1903
The Philippines
1898-1945
China
1900
Protectorate: very similar to
colony status
Similar to Protectorate and
colony
Trading partner
Why did the U.S. try to its location was of strategic
control its affairs?
importance to the US
to protect American business
to provide the US with raw
material and new markets
to establish and protect new
markets
What laws and policies Treaty of Paris; Foracker Act;
affected its
Imperialist policies
relationship with the
U.S.?
Plat Amendment; imperialist
policies
Treaty of Paris; Removal policy; Open Door policy; Imperialist
Imperialist policies
policies
What violent events
affected its
relationship with the
U.S.?
Spanish-American War
Spanish-American War;
Phillipine-American War
Spanish-American War
John Hay;s “Open Door notes” paved the way for greater U.S. influence in Asia.
What were the 3 beliefs held by Americans that were reflected by the Open Door policy?
The U.S. economy relied on eXports to ensure growth.
The U.S. had the right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open to it.
U.S. survival was threatened by the closing of an area to _American prod ucts, citizens, or ideas.
Boxer Rebellion