Transcript Chapter 4

American School History
The History of American
Education
When I think of Puritans, I think
most of…
1.
2.
3.
4.
The first Thanksgiving
Stern, hateful people
People like me
Religious intolerance
41%
45%
3% 11%
The first Thanksg...
Stern, hateful pe...
People like me
Religious intoler...
Varieties of Colonial Schooling
Dame School
Apprenticeships
In loco parentis
Latin Grammar School
Old Deluder Satan Law
1636
Establishment of Harvard College
1647
Every town of 50 households….
Every town of 100 households….
Response to a generational problem.
The Colonial Experience
Local Control of Schools
Compulsory Education
Tax-supported schools
State Standards
Also established “permanently” the tension
between religious and secular influences in
school classrooms in America
National Identity and Education
Thomas Jefferson – educated
citizenry for democracy
University of Virginia
Benjamin Franklin – practical and
nonsectarian education
Franklin Academy – University of
Pennsylvania
The Constitution
Expressed Powers vs. Delegated Powers
Tenth Amendment:
“The powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to
it by the States, are reserved to the States
respectively, or to the people”
Nevertheless….
The United States has a long tradition
of federal involvement in public
education. We will see some of these
instances and realities in chapters to
come.
Titles (Ten)
ADA
IDEA
NCLB
I like the idea of federal involvement
in public education….
1.
2.
3.
4.
Very much
Some
Not so much
Not at all
19%
5%
12%
65%
Very much
Some
Not so much
Not at all
The Common School
Horace Mann
“Common” as in common features, not as
in for “common people.”
Still, Mann’s efforts made standardized
education available for more Americans.
Rise of the public “elementary school.”
The Normal School
Preparation for Teachers –
standardized
Influence of Horace Mann
UMD has its origins in the spread and
proliferation of “normal schools.”
State and Local funding.
Standardization
Federal Legislation
Land Ordinance
&Northwest
Ordinance –178587
Morrill Land Grant
College Acts 186290
Smith Hughes Act -1917
GI Bill --1944
National Defense
Education Act -1958
ESEA – 1965
Head Start – 1964
Bilingual EA 196801
Title IX 1972
IDEA 1973
NCLB 2001
“Schoolography”
What do you know of the history of
schools in your home community?
Portfolio Reflection…..
Education in the West in “Big
Picture Sense”
Classical Models of Greece and
Rome
Religious Traditions and Education
Renaissance Values
European Values
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Romanticism
American Pragmatism
William James
Charles Sanders Peirce
Late nineteenth century
Orientation toward sense, perception,
empiricism – led to Philosophy of
Pragmatism
Rousseau
Enligtenment vs. Romantic
Conception of Nature
Conception of the Child
The ultimate education
Emile
Friedrich Froebel / Maria
Montessori
Continental Practitioners and
Theorists
Profound influence on American early
elementary education
The Kindergarten
The Montessori Method
John Dewey
Pragmatism
Experience and Pedagogy
Student-Centered
Progressivism
Democratic Ideals
Provocative and oft misunderstood
Piaget
Reorganizing our conception of child development
and psychology.
Cognitive stage theory:
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations
Profound effect on teacher preparation curriculum
and curriculum in elementary schools
B.F. Skinner
Behaviorism
Education analogized to laboratory
experiments
Reinforcement Theory
Positive, Negative rewards
Behavior Modification
I would want my 5-6 year-old to…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Stay out of school
Be home schooled
Be in a demanding
academic skills
program
Be in a traditional
kindergarten
Be in a Montessori
program