Transcript Chapter 4
American School History The History of American Education When I think of Puritans, I think most of… 1. 2. 3. 4. The first Thanksgiving Stern, hateful people People like me Religious intolerance 41% 45% 3% 11% The first Thanksg... Stern, hateful pe... People like me Religious intoler... Varieties of Colonial Schooling Dame School Apprenticeships In loco parentis Latin Grammar School Old Deluder Satan Law 1636 Establishment of Harvard College 1647 Every town of 50 households…. Every town of 100 households…. Response to a generational problem. The Colonial Experience Local Control of Schools Compulsory Education Tax-supported schools State Standards Also established “permanently” the tension between religious and secular influences in school classrooms in America National Identity and Education Thomas Jefferson – educated citizenry for democracy University of Virginia Benjamin Franklin – practical and nonsectarian education Franklin Academy – University of Pennsylvania The Constitution Expressed Powers vs. Delegated Powers Tenth Amendment: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to it by the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people” Nevertheless…. The United States has a long tradition of federal involvement in public education. We will see some of these instances and realities in chapters to come. Titles (Ten) ADA IDEA NCLB I like the idea of federal involvement in public education…. 1. 2. 3. 4. Very much Some Not so much Not at all 19% 5% 12% 65% Very much Some Not so much Not at all The Common School Horace Mann “Common” as in common features, not as in for “common people.” Still, Mann’s efforts made standardized education available for more Americans. Rise of the public “elementary school.” The Normal School Preparation for Teachers – standardized Influence of Horace Mann UMD has its origins in the spread and proliferation of “normal schools.” State and Local funding. Standardization Federal Legislation Land Ordinance &Northwest Ordinance –178587 Morrill Land Grant College Acts 186290 Smith Hughes Act -1917 GI Bill --1944 National Defense Education Act -1958 ESEA – 1965 Head Start – 1964 Bilingual EA 196801 Title IX 1972 IDEA 1973 NCLB 2001 “Schoolography” What do you know of the history of schools in your home community? Portfolio Reflection….. Education in the West in “Big Picture Sense” Classical Models of Greece and Rome Religious Traditions and Education Renaissance Values European Values Renaissance Enlightenment Romanticism American Pragmatism William James Charles Sanders Peirce Late nineteenth century Orientation toward sense, perception, empiricism – led to Philosophy of Pragmatism Rousseau Enligtenment vs. Romantic Conception of Nature Conception of the Child The ultimate education Emile Friedrich Froebel / Maria Montessori Continental Practitioners and Theorists Profound influence on American early elementary education The Kindergarten The Montessori Method John Dewey Pragmatism Experience and Pedagogy Student-Centered Progressivism Democratic Ideals Provocative and oft misunderstood Piaget Reorganizing our conception of child development and psychology. Cognitive stage theory: Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete Operations Formal Operations Profound effect on teacher preparation curriculum and curriculum in elementary schools B.F. Skinner Behaviorism Education analogized to laboratory experiments Reinforcement Theory Positive, Negative rewards Behavior Modification I would want my 5-6 year-old to… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Stay out of school Be home schooled Be in a demanding academic skills program Be in a traditional kindergarten Be in a Montessori program