Transcript Section 1

Ch 23 Sec 1: The New Frontier
•
______ – JFK’s concern that by 1960 the Soviet Union had
more nuclear missiles and we were vulnerable to attack
•
______ – for the first time ever these were televised live
and Kennedy was looked at as the winner on TV while
Nixon (who was fighting illness) won on the radio.
•
______ – the name given to Kennedy’s legislative agenda
which included getting young people involved in service to
the nation (ask not what this country can do for you….)
•
______ – looked to gain more equal rights for women
including getting rid of discrimination of pay based on
gender.
•
______ – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court which was
very active during this time on issues such as segregation,
civil rights, freedom of the press, separation of church and
state and reapportionment (one man, one vote)
•
______ – rights that the accused has that are protected by
the Constitution including knowing what you are accused
of, right to a lawyer and a trail by judge or jury.
Textbook Assignment (pp.718-723)
Section 1: The New Frontier
1) How did television have a great impact on
the 1960 Presidential election?
2) What was the “Kennedy Mystique” and how
did it make his presidency seem different
from his predecessors?
3) How did the Kennedy Administration address
the issues of women during his presidency?
4) What kind of decisions did the Warren Court
make during the 1960s when it came to
issues such as “One Man, One Vote”, “Due
Process” and “Prayer and Privacy”?
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Chapter Objectives
Section 1: The New Frontier
• Summarize Kennedy’s economic policies. 
• Explain why Congress often did not support
Kennedy’s proposals.
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Guide to Reading
Main Idea
John F. Kennedy encountered both success and
setbacks on the domestic front. 
Key Terms and Names
• missile gap 
• reapportionment 
• New Frontier 
• due process
• Earl Warren 
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The Election of 1960
• The 1960 presidential election began the era of
television politics.
• Voters began using this medium as a voting tool.
(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960
• The Democratic candidate, John F. Kennedy, was a
Catholic from a wealthy Massachusetts family.
• Republican candidate Richard Nixon was a Quaker
from a financially struggling family.
(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
• During the campaign, Democrats spent over $6
million in television and radio ads, while Republicans
spent over $7.5 million.
(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
• The campaign focused on the economy and Cold War.
• Kennedy felt the United States faced a threat from the
Soviets and showed concern about a “missile gap,” in
which it was believed the United States was behind the
Soviets in weaponry.
• Nixon believed the
Republican
administration was on
the right track with its
foreign policy.
(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
• The televised debates had a strong influence on the
outcome of the election.
(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
(pages 718–719)
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The Election of 1960 (cont.)
• Kennedy won in what was one of the closest elections
in history.
(pages 718–719)
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A “Fair” election?
The 1960 vote was so close that Nixon considered
demanding a recount, but then decided against it. He
explained that if there were a recount, “the organization of
the new administration and the orderly transfer of
responsibility from the old to the new might be delayed for
months. The situation within the entire federal government
would be chaotic.”
The big concern was the VERY close numbers in Texas
(which could have been influenced by Lyndon Johnson) and
Illinois (which could have been influenced by Mayor Richard
Daley and/or Organized Crime).
Kennedy killed by the mob?
• Some conspiracy theories argue that JFK’s assassination may
be linked to the election of 1960.
• With close results in Chicago, some feel that JFK got help from
organized crime and when he became President, he turned his
back to them as Attorney General Robert Kennedy prosecuted
them.
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Presidential Facts of John F. Kennedy
College: Harvard
Height: 6’1”
Religion: Roman Catholic
Children: one daughter, two sons
Previous Political Offices: US House
of Representatives; US Senator
First President born in the 20th century
…..who was a boy scout
…..to serve in the Navy
…..to win the Pulitzer Prize
…..to be a Catholic
…..to have both parents survive him
….to name a relative to a cabinet post
(Bobby Kennedy as Attorney General)
This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.
Fun Presidential Facts of John F. Kennedy
Sign: Gemini
Nickname: Man of the New Frontier, Man of
the 60s, Jack the Zipper
Presidential Theme: “The New Frontier”
Favorite Musical: “Camelot”
Other Notes of Interest….
Suffered from Addison’s disease
Not only had numerous affairs, but many
were national risks. While in the navy he
dated a woman who had Nazi ties, while
President had an affair with a mafia leader’s
mistress and a European woman with
communist ties.
Often talked with friends about how easy it
would be to kill the President of the United
States and there was no way to stop it.
This feature is found on pages 704–705 of your textbook.
The Kennedy Mystique
• John Kennedy’s youth, optimism, and charisma
inspired Americans.
(pages 719–720)
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The Kennedy Mystique
• In his Inaugural Address, Kennedy told Americans,
“ask not what your country can do for you–ask what
you can do for your country.”
(pages 719–720)
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The Kennedy Mystique
• Kennedy was the first
president to broadcast his
press conferences live on
television.
(pages 719–720)
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Success and Setback on the
Domestic Front
• With his new legislative agenda, known as the New
Frontier, Kennedy hoped to increase aid to education,
provide health insurance to the elderly, create a
Department of Urban Affairs, and help migrant workers.
(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the
Domestic Front
• Kennedy was unsuccessful in pushing through many of
his domestic programs even though the Democratic
Party had large majorities in both houses of Congress.
(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the
Domestic Front (cont.)
• Many Republicans and conservative Southern
Democrats felt the New Frontier was too costly.
• Congress defeated
many of Kennedy’s
proposals.
• Kennedy
advocated the New
Deal strategy of
deficit spending
that had been
implemented
during Roosevelt’s
presidency.
(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the
Domestic Front (cont.)
• Congress was
convinced to invest
more funds for
defense and space
exploration to
create more jobs
and encourage
economic growth.
• Kennedy also
boosted the
economy through
increased business
production and
efficiency.
(pages 720–721)
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Success and Setback on the
Domestic Front (cont.)
• Kennedy helped the women’s movement during the
1960s.
• He created a
Presidential
Commission on
the Status of
Women, calling
for federal action
against gender
discrimination
and affirming the
right of women
to equally paid
employment.
(pages 720–721)
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Warren Court Reforms
• Social issues were a focus during Kennedy’s time in
office.
• Earl Warren, Chief Justice of
the United States since
Eisenhower’s presidency,
and the Warren Court took
on a much more activist tone,
which helped shape national
policy.
• The Warren Court took a
stand on several key issues,
such as the civil rights
movement, freedom of the
press, separation of church
and state, and the rights of
the accused.
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(pages 721–723)
Warren Court Reforms (cont.)
• Many of these decisions are still being argued today.
• One of the Warren Court’s
most important decisions
involved reapportionment,
or the way in which states
draw up political districts
based on changes in
population.
• The Warren Court decided
on the principle of “one man,
one vote,” which required
state legislatures to
reapportion electoral districts
so that all citizens’ votes
would have equal weight.
(pages 721–723)
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Warren Court Reforms (cont.)
• During the 1960s, the U.S. Supreme Court used the
Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Bill of Rights to
the states.
• Due process required that
the law not treat an
individual unfairly, arbitrarily,
or unreasonably, and that
courts must follow proper
procedures and rules when
trying a case.
(pages 721–723)
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Warren Court Reforms (cont.)
• The issue of separation between church and state
was reaffirmed when the Court ruled that states
could not compose official prayers and require prayer
in public schools.
• The decisions of the
Warren Court were favored
by some while opposed by
others, but the Court had
an immense role in shaping
national policy.
(pages 721–723)
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