Transcript The Cold War Begins Clue United States Soviet Union

4.30.13
• Journals – Review Quiz 9
• Take out your Homework (Cold War
Sheet) to be checked
THE COLD WAR
Unit EQ – What were the causes, main events, & effects of the
Cold War and how did it affect American culture in the 1950s?
The “Iron Curtain” – Winston Churchill
The Cold War Begins
Clue
Eastern
European
Countries
United States
Goal
Stay independent;
support nations that
resist communism
Term
Truman Doctrine:
Aid nations fighting
against communism
Soviet Union
Goal
Under control of Stalin
Term
Satellite states;
nations are independent
but under control of USSR
The Cold War Begins
Clue
Communism
and its
spread
United States
Goal
Soviet Union
Goal
Stop spread
of communism
Term
Containment:
keep communism
contained
within its
existing borders
Spread communism
beyond
Eastern Europe
The Cold War Begins
Clue
Western
European
Countries
United States
Goal
Aid European
nations & help reduce
famine and poverty
Term
Marshall Plan:
offered aid to W European
nations after WWII
Term
Berlin Airlift:
US/British planes airlifted
supplies to West Berlin
during Soviet blockade
Soviet Union
Goal
Capture West
Berlin by closing all
highways, railways, &
waterway traffic
Marshall Plan (1948)
• a.k.a. European
Recovery Program
• American program to
give economic support
to help rebuild Europe
after WWII
The Cold War Begins
Clue
United States
Goal
Military
Alliances
Soviet Union
Form military
alliance to counter
Soviet expansion
Goal
NATO:
collective security
against
communist attack
Term
Term
Form alliance
of communist nations for
protection if attacked
Warsaw Pact:
USSR & satellite
states, defend
each other
if attacked
Defense Alliances
NATO (1949)
WARSAW PACT (1955)
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
• Member countries:
• USSR, East Germany,
Original members:
• US, United Kingdom,
France, Belgium, Canada,
Denmark, Iceland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal
Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Romania, Albania
Blue – NATO
Red - Warsaw
Primary Source Activity
• Complete individually!
5.1.13 – Happy 1st day of May!
• Come in, take a seat, and BE QUIET!
• Take out something to write with
• Class intro: Crash course to the Cold War – Play until
5:15
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9HjvHZfCUI&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9&index=
39&safe=active
Berlin Wall Art
• Create a piece of artwork to put on Our
“Berlin” Wall
• It must have your name on the top left corner of your
half sheet (can be horizontal or vertical)
• It must be APPROPRIATE – no profanity or
inappropriate pictures, jokes, etc.
• Let your artwork be a STATEMENT about YOU or YOUR
BELIEFS/INTERESTS
• This is a grade, and it will be added to the Wall
The Wall: A World Divided
• Answer the questions as you watch the
documentary
• The documentary will go beyond our time
period, through the end of the Cold War
(early 1990s)
5.2.13
• - Journal – Review Quiz 10
• - Take out your Berlin Wall Art to be
checked
• - Crash Course – 5:15 until 8:15 (after
3rd world)
THE EXPANDING
COLD WAR
EQ – What methods did the U.S. use in its global
struggle against the Soviet Union?
The Arms Race
• September 2, 1949: Soviet Union set off an atomic bomb
• US is no longer the
lone world nuclear
power
• This set off an
arms race between
the United States &
Soviet Union…
• US and Soviet Union compete to make & build up more
powerful weapons
America’s solution
• http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=IKqXu-5jw60
DUCK and COVER – Duh!
This seems RIDICULOUS,
by why do you think the
government created this
initiative?
• Both nations stockpiled nuclear warheads,
leading to the idea of Mutually assured
destruction…
• Both nations have weapons so powerful that they
could destroy each other, thereby preventing
each other from attacking
• Stalin died in 1953,
Nikita Khrushchev takes
power
• Khrushchev &
Eisenhower slowly
move toward a
“peaceful
co-existence”
• Congress creates the Central Intelligence
Agency in 1947
• The CIA is an intelligence-gathering
organization that worked to protect American
interests abroad
Eisenhower did respond to growing Soviet influence in
the Middle East with the Eisenhower Doctrine…
• The US will use force to help any Middle Eastern
nation threatened by communism
The Cold War spreads to outer space
• Americans had believed
US technology was
superior to the Soviets
• However, in 1957, the
Soviet Union launched
Sputnik I, a small
satellite sent to space;
In response, the US
established NASA…
• Organization to coordinate
space-related efforts of
American scientists and
the military
The Korean War
Think – Pair – Share
• Think back to the North Korea
Documentary.
• (1) Why was there a conflict between
North and South Korea?
• (2) Why did the U.S. get involved?
• (3) What was the result of the War?
Korean War in a nutshell…
• Korea ruled by Japan from 1920 until
Japan surrenders in WWII in 1945
• America divides Korea along 38th parallel
(Potsdam Conference):
• US occupies South
• USSR occupies North (under leadership of Kim Il-
sung)
Why is the US even getting involved?
CONTAINMENT!
Korean War… in a Nutshell
June 1950 – July 1953
• North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea)
supported by China and the Soviet Union
Vs
.
• South Korea (Republic of Korea) supported by the UN
Let’s let the Internet teach us…
• http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/truman-orders-
us-forces-to-korea
Death toll for the Korean War:
-Over 36,000 Americans
-Over 600,000 Chinese
-Over 2 million Korean soldiers
and civilians
Counterattack at
Inchon
United Nations Forces in Korea: (Nation – Number Killed in Action)
Netherlands - 116
Australia - 339
New Zealand - 31
Belgium - 97
Norway (noncombat role)
Canada - 516
South Africa - 20
Colombia - 146
Philippines - 92
Denmark (noncombat role)
South Korea – 137,899
Ethiopia - 122
Sweden (noncombat role)
France - 287
Thailand - 136
Greece - 194
Turkey - 721
India (noncombat role)
United Kingdom – 1,078
Italy (noncombat role)
Luxembourg - 7
United States – 37,000
United Nations - 932,964 troops served
Troops patrol the DMZ
5.2.13
• When you come in, take out your
homework (1950s Culture Reading)
• Check the sheets for your seat!
The Space Race
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMINSD7MmT4&safe=
active
• EQ: How did America get to this point?
Space Race Jigsaw
• We will complete Doc. #1 together
• You will have 5-10 minutes per document
with your group to answer the questions
THE COLD WAR AT HOME
EQ – How did fear of domestic communism
affect American society during the Cold War?
What was the Red Scare?
Fear of communism;
fear that communists will
destroy American way of life
How did President Truman
& America respond?
Investigated possible communists,
House Un-American
including the Hollywood Ten
Activities Committee (HUAC)
and entertainment figures
Unlawful to advocate/teach the
overthrow of the US government;
attempts to end Communist Party
Smith Act
Screening employees for
political disloyalty;
3,000 employees lost their jobs
Federal Employee
Loyalty Program
Did the accusations
seem fair?
Maybe, though the
evidence was
based on the word
of one confessed spy
How were they
affected?
Of what were
they accused?
Sentenced to death
Passing atomic
secrets to communists
Ethel & Julius
Rosenberg
Wisconsin Senator
Joseph McCarthy
made reckless
accusations of
communist activity
Red Scare, people
were fearful of
communism,
especially in
government
He was censured in
the Senate and the
public turned against
him after the
Army-McCarthy
Hearings
What was this and
who was responsible?
Why did it succeed
at first?
Why did it eventually
fall out of favor?
McCarthyism
1950S CULTURE –
FAMILY LIFE DURING
THE COLD WAR
EQ – How did social and economic
changes after WWII affect Americans?
Cold War Culture
• Americans prepared for a nuclear attack
• Families built underground bomb shelters
• Shelters had radiation suits, canned food and water,
and medical kits
“Nuclear family”
• Very traditional
• Father – “breadwinner”
• Mother – stays at home, homemaker
1950s Television
• Families stay at home to
watch T.V.
• Reinforced the ideal
“nuclear family” of
the 1950s
1950s Rock-and-roll
• Cultural revolution,
symbol of youth culture
• Elvis Presley
• Controversy of rock culture
Levittowns
What do “Levittowns” reveal about
America?
• Americans becoming conformed,
no individualism
• The rise of SUBURBIA
Counterculture:
• Beatniks: Writers and artists
who criticized
conformity
and materialism
• Jack Kerouac’s
On the Road
Cold War Review – Political Cartoon Analysis
For each cartoon, complete the following:
1. List at least three terms or concepts we have
learned that are related or connected to the cartoon.
2. Write two-to-three sentences describing
what is going on in the cartoon
3. Write two-to-three sentences explaining the
message of the cartoon
(i.e. what is the cartoonist trying to say in the cartoon)
“Communism must not spread!”
What policy reflects this quote?
Containment
When a company is only
allowed to hire workers who are
in a labor union:
Closed Shop
This law outlawed the closed
shop and took power away from
labor unions
Taft-Hartley Act
Having such powerful weapons
that both the US and USSR
would completely destroy each
other if attacked
Mutually assured destruction
Truman’s domestic program
(which was relatively
unsuccessful)
Fair Deal
Established three tiers of
education
California Master Plan
Popular and controversial style
of music during the 1950s
Rock-and-roll
As the US and USSR stockpiled
weapons in competition with
one another, this is called an:
Arms race
Law giving more money to
states to encourage more
people to become scientists and
science teachers
National Defense Education Act
The US will use force to assist
any Middle Eastern nation
fighting against communism
Eisenhower Doctrine
Children were taught to do this
to protect themselves from a
nuclear attack
Duck and cover