Transcript Shaping a New Nation

Shaping a New Nation
The United States after the
Revolutionary War
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What’s happening in this photo?
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What would happen if the government
could not tax us?
 What if states could not be forced to
provide soldiers for our protection?
 What if there was no president?
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Remember. . .
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The Treaty of Paris had officially ended
the Revolutionary War, and Britain was
SUPPOSED to leave the new United
States territories. . .
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But because of the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation, the new U.S.
government was unstable and weak.
Articles of Confederation
Weaknesses
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Most power held by the states
Only one branch of government
The one legislative branch had very few powers
No judicial branch (Supreme Court)
No executive branch (President)
No system of checks and balances
Could not force states to provide soldiers for a
national military
Could not tax (this was the states’ right)
Weakness Chart
Because the U.S. government was
so weak. . .
It couldn’t force British troops to leave the
U.S.
 Britain began passing tariffs (taxes on
imports or exports) that the U.S. was
forced to pay in order to trade
 Britain and Spain both closed trade routes
that the U.S. depended on
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Assignment
Read Chapter 5, Section 1 (pages 152155).
 Answer 1-4 all parts on page 155.
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F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What are your thoughts on this photo?
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
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What are the weaknesses of the Articles of
Confederation?
Reminder
You’ll have a 15-20-question quiz on
Thursday that will cover Chapter 5,
Sections 1 and 2.
 The quiz will be multiple choice.
 Turn in your homework from last night.
(Chapter 5, Section 1 questions)
 You’ll have time today to finish your inclass assignment.
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Because of the closed trade routes and
high tariffs, many states began printing
large amounts of money
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Created inflation (money value decreases,
prices of goods increase)
Depression
Period of low economic activity and high
unemployment
 Makes some people crazy and desperate
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Shays’s Rebellion
MA farmers were losing their farms
because they couldn’t pay their taxes
 Daniel Shays and other farmers rebelled in
order to save their farms
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Rebellion went on for a long time because the
national government had no army to put it
down
 Proved to many people that the U.S. needed
a stronger national government
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Assignment
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Read Chapter 5, Section 2 (pages 158162) and do 1-4 all parts on page 162.
Constitutional Convention
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Most Americans
agreed that the
national government
under the Articles of
Confederation was
way too weak
Delegates arrived in
Philadelphia in May,
1787 to discuss how
to solve these issues
INDEPENDENCE HALL
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What does
compromise
mean?
 Write one
paragraph in which
you’ve had to
compromise with
someone.
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EQ: What role did
compromise play in
the creation of the
United States
Constitution? ( 8.4
spi 8)
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EQ: How did the
Founding Fathers
work together
during the writing
of the Declaration
of Independence,
the Articles of
Confederation, and
the Constitution of
the United States?
(8.5 spi 5)
Today
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Notes on Chapter
5, Section 3
The Major Issues
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Every delegate thought changes needed to
happen; just didn’t agree on how much
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Representation in Congress
Slavery
How strong the new national government should be
Representation in Congress
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How would representatives be chosen?
Would larger states be allowed more
representatives? Should everyone get the
same amount of votes? Was there any
way to compromise?
Large States Liked. . .
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Edmund Randolph’s Virginia Plan
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Bicameral legislature (House and Senate)
Representation in both houses based on population
Small States Liked. . .
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William Patterson’s New Jersey Plan
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Unicameral Congress (one house)
Each state got the same number of votes
The Great Compromise
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Idea put forth by Roger Sherman of CT
Bicameral legislature (House and Senate)
 Number of Representatives for each state
based on population
 Each state got two Senators
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New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
- Unicameral
-Bicameral
- Equal Rep.
- Rep. based on
pop.
Great Compromise
- Bicameral
- Representatives based on population
- Equal number of senators
Slavery
In order to increase their representation,
Southern states wanted to count slaves in
their populations.
 Northern states disagreed; they did not
want to count slaves in the population, but
they did think that the South should have
to pay taxes on them.
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Three-Fifths Compromise
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Slaves would count as 3/5 of a regular person.
Taxes would be paid on all slaves.
The writers of the Constitution were very careful
to not speak bad about slavery (this would’ve
upset the South).
Homework
Read Chapter 5,
Section 3 (pages
163-168)
 Answer 1-4 all
parts on page 168
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Other Ideas Found in the
Constitution. . .
Popular Sovereignty
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Sovereignty – The ability to rule
Popular sovereignty means that political rule
belongs to the people!
Federalism
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The sharing of power between states and the
federal government
Checks and Balances
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Keeps any of the three branches of government
from becoming too powerful
Federalists vs. Antifederalists
&
The Bill of Rights
A Little More Compromise. . .
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First: Great Compromise
Second: Three-Fifths Compromise
New Question: Just how strong is this new
national government going to be?
OR
Federalists
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Wanted a strong, powerful national gov’t
Defended their views in a series of articles
called The Federalist Papers
WASHINGTON
MADISON
FRANKLIN
HAMILTON
Anti-Federalists
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Were opposed to the
Constitution for several
different reasons:
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Didn’t want a new gov’t
(just a better one)
Thought new gov’t had
way too much power
No section in the Const.
that guaranteed certain
rights
GEORGE MASON
JEFFERSON
PATRICK HENRY
SAM ADAMS
More Compromise, Please!
Both the Federalists and the AntiFederalists published articles trying to
persuade the American people
 Each state voted on whether or not to
ratify (pass) the Constitution
 Only 9 states needed to ratify it; but in
order for it to really be effective, all 13
states needed to ratify it
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“The First State”
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Dec. 7, 1787 – Delaware becomes the first state
to ratify the Constitution
Compromise Made
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Several states only agree to ratify the
Constitution if a “Bill of Rights” were created to
protect individual freedoms
Bill of Rights
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1st 10 amendments (official changes) to the
Constitution
Set a clear example of how to adjust or change
the Constitution to reflect the wishes of the
people
Remember. . .
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What role did compromise play in the
writing of the United States Constitution?
Representation – Great Compromise
 Slave Population – Three-Fifths Compromise
 Strong/Weak Government – Federalists vs.
Anti-Federalists
 Protecting Freedoms – Bill of Rights
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