Transcript VUS 6 - Hogan`s History Page

VUS 6
1800-1850’s
MANIFEST DESTINY
**TWO PARTIES EMERGE

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
AFTER WASHINGTON’S
PRESIDENCY ENDED IN THE 1790’S2 POLITICAL PARTIES EMERGED
Two parties:
FEDERALISTS
DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS
**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICAN
PARTY EMERGES


Democratic-Republican party (1792)
emerges because controversy over
Federalists’ support for Bank of the U.S.,
Jays Treaty, and the undeclared war on
France.
The Jays Treaty (1794) avoided war with
Britain by forcing the British to evacuate
their posts in the NW territory,but did
nothing about British sailors impressing
American sailors.
**DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

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Leaders-Thomas Jefferson, James
Madison
Believed in a weak national
government and an agricultural
economy
Supporters were farmers, artisans,
and frontier settlers in the South
***FEDERALISTS

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
Leaders-John Adams and Alexander
Hamilton
Believed in a strong national
government and commercial
economy
Supported by bankers and business
interests in the North
**Election of 1800


Won by Thomas Jefferson
First American presidential election
in which power was peacefully
transferred from one party to
another.
**LOUISIANA PURCHASE
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1803: Thomas Jefferson authorizes
purchase from France (Napoleon)
More than doubled the size of the
United States overnight
Jefferson purchased for $15 million-3
cents an acre
LP=US2
Louisiana PurchaseTJ’s greatest achievement
**Lewis and Clark Expedition
1804-1806

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Explored the new
territories that lay
west of the
Mississippi River
Sacagawea, an Indian
woman, served as
their guide and
translator
Started in St. Louis,
Missouri ended in
M = Mississippi River
Oregon.
S = Sacagawea
U = US2
**War of 1812(MadisonPresident) REASONS FOR WAR

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Fought against the British because of
interference in trade routes and
impressment policy (kidnapping U.S.
sailors to work on British ships)
British interfering with westward
expansion
Federalists opposed war-talked of
secession and constitutional amendments
which were not acted upon.
REASONS FOR WAR of
1812
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Trade Route
Impressment
British interference with westward
expansion
TIMBIWE
**War of 1812- LAND
RESULTS

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Led to an American
claim of the Oregon
Territory with Britain
Increased migration into
Florida which was later
acquired in a treaty with
Spain
WAR OF 1812 RESULTS =
OTF
USS Wasp attacking HMS Reindeer
**Monroe Doctrine (1823)James Monroe-President
U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

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No further colonization by European
powers on the American continents
Western Hemisphere countries were
republics not monarchies.
Any violation would be seen as a threat by
the United States
United States would not interfere in
European affairs
**Monroe Doctrine (1823)James Monroe-President
U.S. FOREIGN POLICY

IF


N0 col West Hem rep t U S
THEN
no inter Euraff
COTTON GIN

Eli Whitney’s invention of the
cotton gin led to the spread of
the cotton kingdom in the Deep
South
COTTON GIN
**American ExpansionWestward movement
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MANIFEST DESTINY
American settlers streamed westward seeking
economic opportunity in the form of land to
own and farm
Railroads and canals helped the growth of an
industrial economy and moved settlers west.
Reasons for westward movement = MD CREO
**WESTERN MOVEMENT-IMPACT
ON AMERICAN INDIANS

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“Manifest Destiny” provided political
support for territorial expansion
During westward expansion, the American
Indians were repeatedly defeated in
violent conflicts with settlers and soldiers.
They would be forcibly removed from their
ancestral homelands in 1830.
**WESTERN MOVEMENT IMPACT ON
AMERICAN INDIANS

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Andrew Jackson’s INDIAN
REMOVAL ACT-1830The Trail Of Tears- when several
tribes were relocated from
Atlantic coastal states to
Oklahoma.
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AJIRA = ToT
TRAIL OF TEARS
**MIGRATION INTO TEXAS
Mexico gained freedom from Spain in
1819
American migration into Texas led to an
armed revolt against Mexican rule


Battle of the Alamo-1836 –Band of
Texans fought to the last man against a
vastly superior Mexican Army.
The Texans eventual victory over Mexican
forces brought Texas into the United
States
**Mexican War (1846-1848)

American victory in the Mexican War led to
the acquisition of Mexican territory
(Mexican Cession) that included the
present-day states of California,
Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of
Colorado and New Mexico.
 California Gold Rush 1848-1855
 Mexican Cession = CC NUAN
**MANIFEST DESTINY

GADSDEN PURCHASE
(1853), from Mexico- present
day shape of the
CONTINENTAL U.S. is now
complete.
Terms to know

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Aristocracy-government in which power
is given to those seen as most qualified
(rich people). Aristocrat.
Presidential veto- Constitutional power
granted to the President to prevent
passage of legislation. Jackson used
this power more than any previous
President.
**THE AGE OF THE”COMMON MAN”
was characterized by the following:
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The rise of interest group politics and
sectional issues
A dirty campaigning
Increased voter (more voters)
participation-elimination of property
requirements to vote for white malesprior to 1828
Age of the Common Man = InG Si dicam Mvote
THE AGE OF ANDREW
JACKSON
**ANDREW JACKSON“the common man”

AJ personified the “democratic spirit”
of the age by challenging the economic
elite (aristocrats + rich people) and
rewarding campaign supporters with
cushy public service jobs (the spoils
system)

AJ = DS3
Background of
Nullification
The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (1798-99) were political statements in
which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal
Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. The Resolutions argued that the
states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress
that were not authorized by the Constitution. In doing so, they argued for states'
rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. The Kentucky and Virginia
Resolutions of 1798 were written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson
and James Madison, respectively.
Marbury v. Madison 1803 – Judicial Review
McCulloch v. Maryland 1819 – Implied Powers
Gibbons v. Ogden 1824 – Interstate Commerce
Tariff of 1828 – The Tariff of Abominations
The major goal of the tariff was to protect industries in the northern United States which
were being driven out of business by low-priced imported goods by putting a tax on them.
The South, however, was harmed directly by having to pay higher prices on goods the
region did not produce, and indirectly because reducing the exportation of British goods
to the US made it difficult for the British to pay for the cotton they imported from the
South.[1] The reaction in the South, particularly in South Carolina, would lead to the
Nullification Crisis that began in late 1832.
**DEBATES OVER THE NATURE OF THE UNION(U.S.)THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS

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South Carolinians argued that states could
NULLIFY (VOID )The Tariff of
1832(protective tax on imported goods)
and other acts of Congress.
states could secede from the Union in
defense of slavery (the Nullification
Crisis).
President Jackson threatened to send in
federal troops to collect the tariff revenues.
JACKSON AND THE BANK OF THE
UNITED STATES(BUS)
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JACKSON VIEWED THE BANK AS A
TOOL OF THE RICH-HE VETOED THE
RECHARTERING OF THE BANK IN
1832. HIS OPPONENT HENRY CLAY
SUPPORTED THE BANK.
JACKSON’S RE-ELECTION
BROUGHT AN END TO THE BANK.
AJ = IRA NOBUS
JACKSON AND THE PANIC OF
1837
1)JACKSON TOOK MONEY OUT OF
THE BANK of the US AND PUT IN PET
BANKS
2)PET BANKS FAILED –BANKS
STOPPED ACCEPTING PAPER
CURRENCY
3)LED TO THE PANIC OF 1837
PANIC OF 1837-RESULTS
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COLLAPSE OF THE CREDIT SYSTEM
BANK CLOSINGS
BANKRUPTED HUNDREDS OF
BUSINESSES
1/3 PEOPLE OUT OF WORK
Jackson Political Cartoons
**POLITICAL PARTIES
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The FEDERALIST PARTY disappeared
and new political parties were organized
in opposition to the Democratic Party
The Whigs-believed in a strong central
government and opposed Jackson’s
King Like actions.
The Know Nothings-anti-immigrant
party
**SECTIONAL TENSIONSbetween North and South
The INDUSTRIAL NORTH
-favored high protective tariffs to
protect Northern manufactured goods
from foreign competition.
*protective tariff-tax on imported goods

**SECTIONAL TENSIONSbetween North and South
The AGRICULTURAL SOUTH
-opposed protective tariffs
because that made the price of
imports more expensive.
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**POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

WHEN STATES (OR
PEOPLES) RULE
THEMSELVES.
**SECTIONAL TENSIONScaused by westward expansion

As new states entered the
Union, compromises were
reached that maintained the
balance of power in Congress
between “free” and “slave”
states.
**SLAVERY COMPROMISES

The Missouri Compromise 1820drew an east-west line through the
Louisiana Purchase, with slavery
prohibited above the line and
allowed below,except slavery was
allowed in Missouri,north of the
line 36-30.
**SLAVERY COMPROMISES
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Compromise of 1850California enters as free statewhile the new Southwestern
Territories acquired from
Mexico would decide on their
own(popular sovereignty).
**SLAVERY COMPROMISES
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Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854-repealed
the Missouri Compromise line, by giving
Kansas and Nebraska the choice to
allow slavery in their states (popular
sovereignty).
This law produced bloody fighting in
Kansas as pro- and anti-slavery forces
battled each other.
Led to birth of Republican Party which
opposed spread of slavery.
**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY
THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY
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Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat
Turner and Gabriel Prosser fed white
Southerners’ fears about more slave
rebellions and led to harsh laws in the
South against fugitive slaves.
Southerners who favored abolition were
intimidated into silence.
DRED SCOTT DECISION 1857
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DRED SCOTT-SLAVE HAD LIVED IN
A FREE TERRITORY THEREFORE
THOUGHT HE SHOULD BE FREE
CASE WENT TO SUPREME COURT
COURT RULED THAT BLACKS WERE
NOT CITIZENS AND THERFORE
COULD NOT file a law suit
**ABOLITIONIST

PERSON WHO WAS AGAINST
SLAVERY FOR MORAL REASONS
AND TRIED TO FREE THEM.
**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY
THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY

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Northerners led by William Lloyd
Garrison, publisher of The Liberator,
increasingly viewed the institution of
slavery as a violation of Christian
principles and argued for its abolition.
Southerners grew alarmed by the
growing force of the Northern response
to the abolitionists.
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
HARRIET TUBMAN
**SECTIONAL TENSIONS CAUSED BY
THE INSTITUTION OF SLAVERY
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Fugitive Slave Act pitted Southern
slave owners against outraged
Northerners who opposed returning
escaped slaves to bondage.
LINCOLN VS DOUGLAS
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LINCOLN (REPUBLICAN) RAN
AGAINST STEPHEN
DOUGLAS(DEMOCRAT) AND
DEBATED OVER SLAVERY.
LINCOLN OPPOSED SLAVERY
SPREADING INTO NEW STATES
DOUGLAS BELIEVED IN POPULAR
SOVEREIGNTY
LINCOLN’S QUOTE
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LINCOLN WARNED
“A HOUSE DIVIDED AGAINST ITSELF
CANNOT STAND”
THE NATION COULD NOT BE HALF
FREE AND HALF SLAVE
**THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
MOVEMENT
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At the same time the abolitionist movement
grew,another reform movement took root-the
movement to give equal rights to women.
Leading suffragettes were Elizabeth Cady
Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.
They wrote the Seneca Falls Declaration in
1848-modeled after The Declaration of
Independence listing the rights denied
women.It was presented at the Seneca Falls
Convention
**THE WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
MOVEMENT
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
Anthony became involved in the women’s
suffrage movement before the Civil War and
continued with the movement after the war.
SUFFRAGE- the right to vote
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
Westward farm power transferred
spoils system Mexican Mississippi
Aristocrats cotton gin DemocraticRepublicans Florida federal Trail of
Tears
Westward farm power transferred
spoils system Mexican Mississippi
Aristocrats cotton gin DemocraticRepublicans Florida federal Trail of
Tears
Westward farm power transferred
spoils system Mexican Mississippi
Aristocrats cotton gin DemocraticRepublicans Florida federal Trail of
Tears
God
harsher
increase
foreign
Dred Scott
emancipation
Andrew Jackson
slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin
slavery
Popular sovereignty
California
repeal
property
tariffs
God
harsher
increase
foreign
Dred Scott
emancipation
Andrew Jackson
slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin
slavery
Popular sovereignty
California
repeal
property
tariffs
God
harsher
increase
foreign
Dred Scott
emancipation
Andrew Jackson
slave women Uncle Tom’s Cabin
slavery
Popular sovereignty
California
repeal
property
tariffs
*Monroe Doctrine
-The US would not interfere in __________ affairs
-The Western hemisphere should not be considered for future
________ by any European powers.
-The US would regard European powers placing their will on
independent nations in the Western Hemisphere as a _______
to its own security.
-The Western Hemisphere is a ____________ not a monarchy.
*Western Movement
-belief in manifest ________
-opportunity for cheap _______ and resources
-US gaining control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
*Panic of 1837
-lead to _____ closings
-the collapse of the ______ system
-_________ hundreds of businesses
-put _________ of the population out of work
DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING:
1)THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE
2)THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
3)THE KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
4)THE DRED SCOTT DECISION