Transcript File - Ms. Woods` Website

Four Candidates for the Presidency:
1. William Crawford: Old South candidate
2. John Quincy Adams: Northeast candidate
3. Henry Clay: West Candidate and his American
System; pro tariff and federally sponsored
internal improvements…
4. Andrew Jackson: Tennessee, Frontier South
Jackson’s Opponents in 1824
Henry Clay
[KY]
John Quincy Adams
[MA]
William H.
Crawford
[GA]
Results of the 1824 Election
A
“Corrupt
Bargain?”
The Election of 1824:
The “Corrupt Bargain”
Popular Vote
Electoral
Vote
Andrew Jackson
43%
99
J.Q. Adams
31%
84
William
Crawford
Henry Clay
13%
41
13%
37
Candidate
The Election of 1824:
The “Corrupt Bargain”
Why Corrupt?


Why Henry Clay?
The votes had no sooner been
counted when the new president,
Adams, appointed Henry Clay his
Secretary of State.
Jackson and his supporters immediately cried,
“foul!”

National Programs
1.
2.
3.
-Tried to protect the
rights of the Creek
Indians


Martin Van Buren
Political machine: a group that controls the
activities of a political party
Presidential Election
Scandal:
Rachel Jackson
Final Divorce Decree
Jackson in Mourning for His Wife
Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860
1828 Election Results
The Reign of “King Mob”
Old Hickory
1.
First westerner
2.
Common man
3.
Philosophy?
Jackson’s Faith
in the “Common Man”
1.
Intense distrust of Eastern
“establishment,” monopolies, &
special privilege.
2.
His heart & soul was with the
“plain folk.”
3.
Belief that the common man was
capable of uncommon
achievements.
The Federal Debt
During Jackson's term, the United States' federal
government managed to repay the totality of the
federal debt for the first and only time in the
country's history.
“Kitchen Cabinet”

Spoils system:
Patronage:
Result:
Indian Removal
Jackson’s Goal? Assimilation
Extermination
1830  Indian Removal Act
Worcester v. GA (1832)
“Georgia could not impose its laws on Indian
lands.”
Jackson’s Response:
“John Marshall has made his decision, now let
him enforce it!”
Indian Removal
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
 This
resulted in the deaths of
over 4,000 Cherokee on the
"Trail of Tears."



More than 45,000 American Indians were
relocated to the West during Jackson's
administration.
Jackson was criticized at the time for his role
in these events, and the criticism has grown
over the years.
A Jackson biographer characterizes the Indian
Removal era as
"one of the unhappiest chapters
in
American history."



States’ rights
Nullification theory
secede



The goal of the tariff was to protect
industry in the northern United States
from competing European goods by
increasing the prices of European
products.
Labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by
its southern detractors because of the
effects it had on the Antebellum
southern economy.
Only benefits?
The Webster-Hayne
Debate
Sen. Robert
Hayne [SC]
Sen. Daniel
Webster [MA]
Webster:
Liberty and Union, now and
.
forever, one and inseparable
1830
Jackson:
Our Federal Union—it must be
preserved.
Calhoun:
The Union, next to our liberty,
most dear.
1832 Tariff Conflict
1.
1832 --> new tariff
2.
South Carolina’s reaction?
3.
Jackson’s response?
4.
Clay’s “Compromise”
Tariff?
Jackson’s Use of
Federal Power
VETO
Jackson favored limited
government but strengthened
the presidency!
“King of the Veto” – 12
times!
An 1832
Cartoon:
“King
Andrew”?
1. National Republican Party (Whigs): Henry Clay
First party platform adopted!
2. Democratic Party: nominated Andrew Jackson and
Martin Van Buren
Jackson wins a clear mandate and interpreted his
large popular vote as an endorsement for his
principles.
1832 Election Results
Main Issue?
Renewing the
Charter of the
Second Bank of
the United
States
The National Bank
Debate
Nicholas
Biddle
President
Jackson
In Jackson's veto message
the Bank needed to be
abolished because:
1.
2.
The “Monster” Is Destroyed!
1.
1832  Jackson vetoed the
extension of the 2nd
National Bank of the
United States.
2.
Pet banks
3.
1836  the charter expired.
4.
1841  the bank went
bankrupt!
The Downfall of
“Mother Bank”

New York Becomes the Financial Capital

The Whig Party Is Formed
Pet Banks= “Wildcat Banking”
•
New state banks doubled with the collapse of the national
bank
•
Created an inflationary spiral, with a paper money
increased by 3 times and loans 4 times
•
As the money borrowed by speculators was redeposited it
was reloaned! Inflationary spiral!
Specie Circular Act, 1836
Jackson’s goal?
He had the treasury order that
only specie (gold and silver) would be accepted for
purchase of federal land.
Essential Question:
Champion of
the
“Common Man”?
OR
“King”
Andrew?
The 1836 Election Results
Martin Van
Buren
“Little Magician”
“Old Kinderhook”
[O. K.]
Results of the Specie Circular
1.Banknotes- worthless
2.Land sales plummeted.
3.Credit not available.
4.Businesses began to fail.
5.Unemployment rose.
The Panic of 1837!
The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!



William Henry Harrison vs. Martin Van Buren
Old Tippecanoe
His legacy?


John Tyler’s legacy?
His actions: