Transcript Ultranationalism and Crimes Against Humanity

Ultranationalism and Crimes
Against Humanity
Chapter 7
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Genocide
Crimes against Humanity
War crimes
Holocaust
Ethnic cleansing
Key Terms
Najing - 1937
• Japanese forces press into
China, leading to clashes
near Beijing and to the
Japanese capture of
Shanghai. Tokyo then orders
a full-scale attack on the city
of Nanjing, where Japanese
soldiers loot and kill
civilians in a violent
rampage sometimes called
the “rape of Nanjing.”
When in late July 1945 the Japanese cabinet rejected the
Potsdam Declaration, a renewed Allied demand that Japan surrender
unconditionally or face utter destruction, the United States decided to
use its new atomic weapons.
On August 6 the United States dropped the first atomic bomb
on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Two days later the Soviet Union
declared war on Japan, and on August 9 the United States dropped a
second bomb on the city of Nagasaki.
Faced with such an utterly hopeless situation, the Japanese
leadership finally agreed to surrender on August 14 (August 15 in
Japan). Japanese emperor Hirohito, speaking for the first time on the
radio, broadcast the news to the nation.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• Was the “Rape of Nanjing” a crime?
• Were the dropping of Atomic bombs on the cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki crimes?
• Terrible things occur during war. Why do we label such
things as crimes? What are some criteria for what makes
on action in war a crime?
Crime?
• Genocide: refers to the killing of members of a
national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.
• Crimes against humanity: refers to widespread
or systematic attacks against a civilian population
• War Crimes: willful killing torture, or inhuman
treatment; willfully causing great suffering.
Naming the Crimes
• http://www.pbs.org/pov/reckoning/
• A permanent court that was conceived by the UN in 1998
and supported by many countries including Canada.
• What Canadian Interests are being served by the
existence of the ICC?
International Criminal
Court
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Bosnia- Herzegovina (1992-1995) – 200,000 deaths
Rwanda (1994) – 800,000 deaths
Pol Pot in Cambodia (1975-1979) – 2,000,000 deaths
Nazi Holocaust (1938-1945) – 6,000,000 deaths
Rape of Nanking (1937-1938) – 300,000 deaths
Stalin’s forced famine: (1932-1933) – 7,000,000 deaths
Armenians in Turkey (1915-1918) – 1,500,000 deaths
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Genocides of the 20
Century