Transcript 28.3 Cold war Turns Hot - Werkmeisteramericanhistory

HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Cold War Turns Hot
Objectives:
 How did the Chinese Communists gain control of
China?
 What factors led to the escalation of the conflict in
Korea?
 What were the domestic and international effects
of the Korean War?
 What methods did President Eisenhower use to
promote U.S. interests abroad?
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Cold War Turns Hot
Chinese Communists gain control
of China
 The revolution of 1911 left China unstable and led to civil war.
 The two factions, Nationalists and Communists, cooperated
against the Japanese during World War II.
 Communists successfully resisted Japan in Northwest China
and instituted land reforms, which gained them popular
support.
 Most of China under Communist control by 1949; Nationalists
had retreated to Taiwan.
 People’s Republic of China established.
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SECTION 3
The
American
Nation
The Cold War Turns Hot
CHINESE COMMUNISTS GAIN CONTROL OF CHINA
unstable republic established in 1911
civil war between Nationalist and Communist forces
nationalists and Communists cooperation to resist Japanese
most of China under Mao’s control by 1949; retreat of Chiang’s forces to Taiwan
establishment of People’s Republic of China
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Cold War Turns Hot
Factors that escalated the conflict
in Korea
 Allies divided Korea into two zones, and North and South
Korea set up separate governments.
 When U.S. and Soviet troops pulled out North and South
Korea clashed along the 38th parallel.
 North Korea invaded South Korea, and the UN named North
Korea the aggressor.
 United States pledged support for South Korea and UN forces
went to its defense.
 China entered war on North Korea’s side.
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The American Nation
http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/korea.htm
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/
episodes/05/maps/
Interactive map of Korean Conflict
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The American Nation
Section 3: The Cold War Turns Hot
Effects of the Korean War
 There were millions of casualties.
 Borders of North and South Korea remained
almost unchanged.
 Truman and the Democrats lost popularity while
Eisenhower and the Republicans became more
popular.
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HOLT, RINEHART
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WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
Section 3: The Cold War Turns Hot
Eisenhower’s methods for promoting
U.S. interests
 used CIA covertly in Guatemala and Iran
 issued the Eisenhower Doctrine offering military
aid to Middle Eastern nations who resisted
Communist aggression
 refused to support Hungarian rebels… Soviet
army invades to support communist government
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The American Nation
The Suez Crisis: 1956
 Egyptians take the Suez Canal from British company
 New nationalist government in Egypt nationalized the canal.
Wanted revenue to support economic development.
 Egypt denies Israel use of the canal (Part of the Arab
world’s anti-Israel policy)
 Israel aided by France and Britain, invade to take control of
canal.
 United States and USSR work together (rare in the Cold War)
to get the United Nations to push for a cease fire.
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