Transcript Chapters 19 & 20

Chapter 10
Political Activity of the late 1800s:
– Politicians did not address the problems caused by
the rapid social and economic changes of the times.
Government had a reputation for doing very little
to ease growing problems.
Most Americans viewed politics as a form of
entertainment.
Party loyalty was generally determined
by:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Class
Religious beliefs
Ethnic background
Civil War loyalties
Political ideology was not very important.
In the late 1800s, public office holders tended to
be concerned with:
–
–
–
–
1. Winning elections
2. Controlling patronage
3. Dispensing Jobs
4. Maintaining bases of support
Pendleton Civil Service Act of 1883 – fill some
Government jobs on the basis of competitive
tests.
US Expansion in the 1800s
IfDuring
the
ThisUS
map
what
wanted
shows
timetoperiod
US
further
territorial
were
expand
these
expansion
in 1900,
land
HowWhat
did the
does
US
Why?
this
acquire
map show?
this land?
where might
acquisitions
itfrom
have
1800-1853.
sought
made?
new territory?
Expansion in the late 1800s was different:
1. Islands, rather than areas adjacent to existing
U.S. territory.
2. Densely populated areas not suitable for massive
new settlement.
3. Possessions that few Americans expected to
become states.
4. An increasing importance on foreign trade
5. Creation of economic and military colonies
overseas
6. Cultural superiority
The ablest and most effective apostle of
imperialism was Alfred T. Mahan – urged
government to build up American naval power
U.S. acquires Hawaii:
– 1. Americans developed the sugar industry.
– 2. U.S. built a naval station there.
– 3. Americans staged a revolution to depose the
Native Rulers.
– 4. Americans dominate Hawaiian economy.
Queen
Liliuokalani
U.S. moves toward war with Spain:
1. U.S. tariff policy hurt Cuban economy making
Cubans ready for Revolt.
2. American Press sensationalized stories about Revolt.
3. Cubans living in the U.S. popularized their side of the
Revolt with the American People.
4. Press coverage stirred a fervor for war.
5. Sinking of U.S.S. Maine
President McKinley asks for a Declaration of
War against Spain in 1898.
Problems with U.S. War effort:
–
–
–
–
1. Shortage of Modern Rifles and Ammunition.
2. Heavy Cold-weather uniforms in a hot climate.
3. Inadequate medicine and food.
4. Poor Racial Relations in the U.S. Army.
William McKinley
American fleet victorious at Manila Bay, led by
Commodore George Dewey - The PhilippineAmerican War was actually more costly than
the Spanish-American War. Led by Emilio
Aguinaldo, the resistance wanted immediate
independence
Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders- Roosevelt
resigned as assistant secretary of the navy to help
organize the Rough Riders.
On top of San Juan Hill
Most of the territory that the U.S. acquired in the
1890s was in the Pacific Ocean.
By 1900, The United States had become a major
world power.
Theodore Roosevelt
– Speak softly and
carry a big stick.
– Roosevelt Corollary
“preventative
intervention”
Russo-Japanese
War
– Battle for ports in
Manchuria
– Roosevelt helped
negotiate the peace
treaty and won the
Nobel Peace Prize
Gentleman’s Agreement
– Japan
– Roosevelt forced San Francisco to end segregation of
Japanese schoolchildren
– Emigration of Japanese laborers to the United States was
limited