Transcript End of American Rev

BELLWORK
1. Explain the Declaration of Independence.
Purpose? Rights given to citizens?
2. Describe the military strategy used by the British.
3. Describe the military strategy used by the Patriots.
4. Explain the importance of the Battle of Saratoga.
5. Which foreign countries helped both the British
and American colonists? How did they help?
6. What was the Treaty of Paris?
Declaration of Independence
• Congress appointed the Committee of Five to
write a statement of common action & aims for the
thirteen colonies.
– The committee included John Adams, Benjamin
Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman, and the
main author…..Thomas Jefferson
• After the Congress re-convened July 1st, they
decided to officially declare independence.
• Document signed on July 4, 1776 & stated the
thirteen American colonies were now independent
states.
The Committee of Five
Sherman, Franklin, Jefferson, Adams, Livingston
Roger Sherman:
justice of the
Superior Court
of CT & member Benjamin
of Congress
Franklin: first
U.S.
ambassador
to France;
Thomas
Jefferson:
served in
Congress
representing
VA; primary
author
John Adams:
lawyer &
public figure in
Boston;
representative
Robert
Livingston: the
first Chancellor
of NYC, the
highest judicial
officer in the
state
• "Yes, we must,
indeed, all hang
together, or most
assuredly we shall all
hang separately."
– Benjamin Franklin at the
signing of the Declaration
of Independence; 1776
“The Declaration of Independence” by: John Trumbull
Robert Livingston is depicted in the center of the Committee of Five presenting the draft
Declaration to the Second Continental Congress. The five prominent figures depicted are, from
left to right, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin
Franklin.
2. Describe the military strategy used by
the British.
3. Describe the military strategy used by
the Patriots.
Battles of the American Revolution
• Battle of Bunker Hill
– June 17, 1775
– American army
surrounded Boston to
prevent movement from
British troops
– England learned of their
plan and sent troops too
– England won
– Highest death toll for
British during entire war
Battles of the American Revolution
• Trenton and
Princeton
– December 26, 1776
– January 3, 1777
– George Washington
crossed the
Delaware River
through harsh
weather
– Americans captured
British guards and
won!
“Washington Crossing the
Delaware” Emmanuel Leutze
Battles of the American Revolution
• Saratoga
– September 19 &
October 7, 1777
– British win first battle
– Americans win second
battle and force a
British retreat
– Turning point of
Revolutionary War
– France decided to ally
with the Americans
•
Help
from
foreign
powers
France, Netherlands & Spain side with the Patriots
– navies prevent a British blockade
• Marquis de Lafayette
– Major-General of French troops
– Blocked British troops at Yorktown
– Encouraged France to increase support & aide
– Supporter of U.S. Constitutional principles
– Becomes a link between the American and French revolutions
• Baron de Kalb
– A German-born French officer who served as Major-General
– Commanded troops in MD & DE
– Worked alongside Lafayette
Washington and Lafayette at Valley
Forge
Lafayette
• Became a U.S. citizen
• For his accomplishments in
the service of both France
and the United States, he is
known as "The Hero of the
Two Worlds".
• In honor of his contributions
to the American Revolution,
many cities and monuments
throughout the United States
bare his name.
Lafayette Court House, IN
Lafayette Fountain, GA
Lafayette Monument, D.C.
DeKalb
• Numerous towns and
counties in the US are
named after him in
Alabama, Georgia,
Illinois, Indiana, New
York, Tennessee, and
Texas. Several streets
are named after him in
New York.
DeKalb monument in GA
Battle of Camden; DeKalb’s death
Battles of the American Revolution
• Yorktown
– October 19, 1781
– British began construction
of port in Virginia
– Combined French and
American forces
– Last major battle of
American Revolution
– America wins and forces
England to surrender
Treaty of Paris
• September 3, 1783
• Acknowledged the 13
colonies as a free and
independent country –
United States of America
• American territory expanded
to Mississippi River
• How did this influence
revolutions in other
colonies?
American Revolution Video
• You are now going to watch the “Revolution” episode from
the History Channel series: America the Story of Us.
• It discusses all major battles and the reason for America’s
victory.
• During the movie, take notes on important points. Once the
video is over, you will compose an essay using the
following prompt:
– Why did America win the Revolutionary War? Analyze the political,
social, diplomatic, and military reasons for victory. Your essay
should include a thesis and use of examples from the
video/notes/handouts to back up your points.
IB HOA
• No bellwork today!
• Get out all your notes & handouts
• We will begin the in-class essay
shortly!
American Revolution Essay
• Why did America win the Revolutionary War?
Analyze the political, social, diplomatic, and
military reasons for colonial victory.
• In general, your essay should include:
• Introduction (thesis)
• Main body (arguments & evidence)
• Conclusion
• You are analyzing reasons for victory…. Do NOT
just write down everything you know about the topic.
IB HOA Essays
•
Throughout the course, you will be graded using
the essay writing rubric.
• IB Essays are graded on three components:
1. Argument
2. Historical Understanding (factual knowledge)
3. Historiography
– IB defines historiography as “the history of history.”
– Rather than focusing on the actual event – for example,
Hitler's annexation of Austria – you focus more on the
IB HOA Essays
• A high-scoring essay will include:
• Argument:
– Question is addressed in a clearly structured and focused essay that
indicates a high level of understanding
– Arguments are clear, coherent, relevant, and well substantiated
• Historical Understanding (factual knowledge):
– The answer demonstrates an in-depth understanding of the topic
through the selection, explanation, and effective use of historical
knowledge.
• Historiography:
– Historical events & topics are explained and placed in their historical
context
– Answer displays a critical examination of a wide range of historical