Transcript Chapter 23.2 Lecture Station - Waverly

Exploring American
History
Unit VII- The Beginning of
Modern America
Chapter 23 Section 2
America Prepares for War
Americans Prepare for War
The Big Idea
After entering World War I in 1917, Americans began the
massive effort of preparing for war.
Main Ideas
• The United States entered the war after repeated crises
with Germany.
• The United States mobilized for war by training troops and
stepping up production of supplies.
• Labor shortages created new wartime opportunities for
women and other Americans.
Wilson’s Peace Efforts
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In the election of 1916
his slogan had been “He
kept us out of war”.
After 1916 Wilson still
tried to keep the US out
of the war.
He asked the European
powers to declare a
“Peace without victory.”
But Germany announces
unrestricted sub
warfare.
Germany felt the US
would be too late even
if they entered the war.
Main Idea 1:
The United States entered the war after
repeated crises with Germany.
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The United States was initially a
neutral country.
America continued to trade with
European nations during the
war.
Germany used U-boats to try
and stop supply lines.
• Lusitania
U.S. Neutrality
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Oskar II- Peace ship
Aug. 4, 1914 Wilson proclaims
the neutrality of the United
States. U.S. needs to be the model
for world peace. U.S. more
interested in competing for
markets than killing.
1915 Henry Ford charters a
Peace Ship to Stockholm, Sweden
conference January 1916
Ties that bind
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Allies
• language.
• U.S. Laws and
customs
• news
• Propaganda-atrocity
stories.
• Kaiser Wilhelm
• Trade
• $2 billion in loans
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Central
Powers
•ancestors
•Irish
Americans.
•trading.
Problem of Neutral Rights
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International Law and use of
the Seas
• Neutral nations.
• Warring nations.
• (Contraband)
• give warning.
• No court
• “Freedom of the Seas”
The Problem of Neutral Rights
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British Navy
 German Submarines
• Blockade
• 1915- fleet of 27
subs
• Contraband
• War zone• All neutral ships
would be searched
• Unrestricted sub
warfare.
• North Sea was a
military area and put • Wilson insists under
mines down.
International law
• All in violation of
• 1915- Germany
international law.
sinks Lusitania, then
Arabic and Sussex
• British would pay for
passenger ships.
all goods
Congress Declares War
March 1916– a U-boat attacks a French passenger ship, the
Sussex,.
February 1917– President Wilson breaks diplomatic
relations with Germany
March 1917– Zimmermann Note
April 1917– Congress declared war on Germany.
Possible causes of U.S. entry
British Propaganda and ProBritish sentiment
 Submarine Warfare
 Munitions trade and loans to
Great Britain
 Zimmerman Note
 Sinking of the Lusitania
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The United States Enters World
War I
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Recall- What did most Americans
think about involvement in the war?
Identify- State two ways the United
States supported the war before
sending troops?
Summarize- What two incidents
caused Americans to turn against the
Germans? Why?
Main Idea 2:
The United States mobilized for war by training
troops and stepping up production of supplies.
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Committee on Public Information
-Propaganda
Espionage Act of 1917 and the
Sedition Act of 1918.
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Selective Service Act
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Liberty bonds
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War Industries Board and Food
Administration
Government takes control- War Industries Board
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The Overman Act of
1918 helped create the
War Industries BoardBernard M. Baruch in
charge.
•Job.
•During the war
production
Mobilization of Money
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Military Expenses
• Expenses for army, navy, credit
and materials for allies ran into
billions.
• $23 billion for the U.S. war effort
and $10 billion for war loans to
Allies.
• Taxes and Loans to pay the
expenses.
 Increased taxes brought in
$10.5 billion
 The rest came from loans from
the people through sale of
Liberty Loans and a Victory
Loan.
The American Army
Raising an Army
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On May 18, 1917,
Congress passed the
Selective Service Act,
requiring men
between 21 and 30 to
register for a draft.
Lottery was the
fairest way to choose.
24 million men
between 18-45
entered selective
service. 3 million
called into service
1918- 4.8 millionenlistee, draftees,
and national guard in
armed service.
Discrimination
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African
American
soldiers were
segregated
and trained in
separate
camps.
Regulations to Supply U.S. and Allied Troops
Regulating Food
Regulating Fuel
• Congress passed the
Lever Food and
Fuel Control Act,
• The Fuel
Administration.
• Herbert Hoover’s
Food
Administration
• daylight savings time
• Victory Gardens,
Meatless Mondays,
Wheatless
Wednesdays
• Prohibition
• Harry Garfield.
• He promoted fuel
conservation by
encouraging
Americans to go
without gas and heat
on certain days.
Gasless Sundays, and
Heatless Mondays.
Mobilizing for War
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Recall- How did the American
government assist the war effort?
Identify- What foods did some
Americans give up one day a week?
Make Inferences- In what ways was
discrimination present in the military?
Main Idea 3:
Labor shortages created new wartime
opportunities for women and other
Americans.
labor shortage in the United
States during the war
Women’s War Efforts
• 1 million women joined the
workforce.
• About 25,000 women
volunteered.
• Other women protested.
Labor and the War
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Mexican Americans and African
Americans to move to northern
industrial cities.
Union membership increased.
National War Labor Board was
established to help management
and workers reach agreements.
New Wartime Opportunities
Recall- What types of jobs did
women perform in Europe
during the war?
 Identify Cause and EffectName three factors that caused
a labor shortage in the United
States?
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New Wartime Opportunities
Identify- Name two groups of
people that moved from the West
and the South to meet the
increased demand for labor in
American industrial cities?
 Evaluate- Do you think setting up
the National War Labor Board was
a good idea?
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