Transcript 2-9Progressives - Point Loma High School

Progressives:
A Reaction to Excesses
of Industrialization
1900-1920
Quiz:
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Who are “Muckrakers” include one
example.
What are the basic elements of Social
Gospel?
Homework Review
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Make 30 question test from study guide
Can be fill in the blank, or matching- needs to
be typed.
Must be complex not simple definitions
“1906 legislation aimed at cleaning up the
meatpacking industry; Sinclair’s novel The
Jungle, impressed Teddy Roosevelt enough that
he urged Congress to pass this in addition to the
Meat Inspection Act:
 Answer: Pure Food and Drug Act
 Bring two copies- one for me with answer key
(Due Tuesday)
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Progressive Era
What to know
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Origins of Progressivism
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Municipal, state, and national
reforms
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Progressive attitudes and motives
Muckrakers
Social Gospel
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Political: suffrage
Social and economic: regulation
Socialism: alternatives
Black America
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Washington, Du Bois, and Garvey
Urban migration
Civil rights organizations
Women's role: family, work,
education, unionization, and
suffrage
Roosevelt's Square Deal
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Taft
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Managing the trusts
Conservation
Pinchot-Ballinger controversy
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Wilson's New Freedom
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Tariffs
Banking reform
Antitrust Act of 1914
Key Terms to Memorize
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Progressives
Muckrakers- examples
Social Gospel
McClures
Social Work
Reformers
Women’s Suffrage
Prohibition
19th Amendment
Political Reforms
City Manager
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Child Labor
Antitrust Act of 1914
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle
A.C.L.U.
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Black America
Washington
DuBois,
Garvey
T. Roosevelt Square Deal
Managing the trusts
Conservation
Taft
Pinchot-Ballinger controversy
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
WCTU
18th Amendment
Wilson's New Freedom
Tariffs
Banking reform
16th , 17th, 18th, 19th Amendments
Categorizing Information
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Categorize information
from the first 10 pages
of reading based on the
following:
In pairs review your
reading notes
Create a chart
Some categories may
not be represented
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Political
Religious
Intellectual
Cultural
Economic
Technological
Artistic
Social
Progressives=Reform Movement
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Progressive movement comes out as a reaction to the
excesses of industrialization.
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Poverty
Corruption
Working conditions
Immigrant living conditions
Immigrant “Degeneracy” social issues associated with
immigrants, pejorative- dirty, non-English speakers, Alcohol
abuse…
WASP movement- concerned with changes- a movement to
regain control…
Progressives Rise Because
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Rapid industrialization (Laissez Faire economics)
and urbanization (Social Darwinism) causes
intolerable problems
Middle class WASPs were driving force behind
movement
Need for reform
Need for order
Need to remedy industrial problems
Progressive Constitutional
Amendments
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16th Amendment= Income Taxes
17th Amendment= Direct Election of Senators
18th Amendment= Prohibition of Alcohol
19th Amendment= Women’s Vote
Central Ideas
Optimistic Bi-Partisan- Both parties had memebers
 Progress – things are getting better
 Society was capable of improvement
 Intervention was needed
to limit big Business
 To end political corruption
 Solve social problems of alcohol abuse
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Issues:
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Social Reforms- Prohibition, support for
immigration
Women’s Suffrage
Anti-Political Corruption- Federal, State, City
Reform
Trust Busting- limiting business
Reciprocal Teaching
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Do the following for the 10 pages you read
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Summarize- main ideas and key points of
reading assignment.
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Question- What questions can be answered
from this section of reading?
Clarify- Was there any info clarified for you?
 Predict- what will you learn about next?
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Muckrakers
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Mclures
Lincoln Steffen's
Jacob Riis
Political Reforms
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City State and Federal
City ManagersCommission- appointed community members to
Government bodies- to reduce corruption (outside
party politics)
Goal to expand Democracy and counter
Corruption
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Initiative- citizens can bring
Referendum- vote of the citizens on an issue
Recall- voters can remove an elected official from office-
Women’s Issues
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Poverty, Alcoholism, Child Labor, Prostitution, Public
Health, Birth Control, Prohibition
Middle class, more educated, different vocations,
nurses, teaching, medicine, social work…
Leaders
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Susan B. Anthony (Early Suffragette)
Florence Kelly (suffragette and Social activist, child labor
activist)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Early Suffragette)
Jane Addams- Hull House (Social Reformer)
Ida B. Wells (protested lynching)
Margaret Sanger (Birth Control advocate)
Women’s Suffrage
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National American Women’s Suffrage Association
(NAWSA)
Long movement
Begins as a state movement- Southern opposition and
Northern cities
Changes to Federal Constitutional Amendment 19th
Amendment
Wilson (Democrat) will support the amendment 1917
Becomes part of Constitution 1920
Prohibition
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WCTU- Women’s Christian Temperance Union long
time advocate of anti-alcohol movement
Anti-Saloon League- Carry Nation
Hatchet wielding Carry Nation, who literally busted
open rumshops at the turn of the last century,
symbolized early prohibition movements. She was
famous for leading groups of raiders who wrecked
saloons with rocks and hatchets.
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18th Amendment Passed during WWI
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Social Gospel
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Christian movement-
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contrast to Gospel of Wealth
Task of Christianity is to
rescue the poor”
Create the kingdom of god
on Earth
Salvation Army- example
“Salvation was not merely an
individual matter but also a
question of Constituting a
just Society.”
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Gospel of Wealth
View of Wealthy
God rewards with wealth
Individual should work hard
to get ahead
Philanthropy-wealthy return
wealth to up lift societyUniversities…
“It’s your duty to get rich”
(IWW) International Workers of the
World
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Wobblies
Socialists
Big Bill Haywood- leader
Eugene Debs- Socialist runs for President 3
times
African American Leaders
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Different Approaches
Booker T. Washington- early moderate 1880’s
W.E.B. Dubois- progressive period- more
activism
 Marcus Garvy:
African American Issues
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Booker T. Washington- Early
African American leader, former
slave
“Agitation of questions of Racial
equality is extremist folly”
Moderate
1881 Founded Tuskegee InstituteVocational school for blacks
Worked for African American
progress, economic priority
Wanted economic growth- learn
skills, work hard, Acquire property
The Atlanta Compromise- famous
speech
Whites liked his ideas
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W. E. B. Dubois- NAACP
PHD Harvard
Militant leader
Advocated political and social
change for blacks
Wanted to end discrimination for
blacks
Niagara movement leads to the
NAACP
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
The Souls of Black Folks
Reading: The Jungle and Triangle Fire
 http://www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/
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The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
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1906
Highlighted the problems associated with the Meat
Packing Industry in Chicago
Exploitation of immigrants
Poor working conditions
Spurred Changes:
Meat Inspection Act- Inspection and labeling of Meat
Pure Food and Drug Act
Food and Drug Administration -Test and Certify Drugs
Theodore Roosevelt
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Spanish American War Hero- Cuba- Rough
Riders-San Juan Hill Governor of New YorkSecretary of Navy- McKinley’s-Vice President
1900.
Assassination of McKinley 1901- by AnarchistTR becomes youngest president
Activist Conservative-wants to reform but not
too much-not radical change
TR
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Interventionist- Government can help
Believed in Gospel of Wealth
Feared Social Revolution
“Bully Pulpit” platform from which to
persuasively advocate an agenda.
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Roosevelt often used the word "bully" as an adjective
meaning superb/wonderful.
“Square Deal”
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Roosevelt’s agenda for the country – “a
Square Deal for all” involved progressive
legislation:
Fair treatment of Labor and Business
Steps in to help mediate a Coal Miners strike
Trust Busting
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TR wanted to limit the trusts
Used Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Supported the Department of Commerce
Bureau of Corporations- to regulate corporations
In 1902 Roosevelt ordered the break up of the
massive Northern Securities Company and in 1904
he was supported by the Supreme Court which
ordered the company dissolved
Elkins Act regulated railroad rates
Conservation
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TR was a proponent of saving the wilderness
New lands Reclamation Act (set aside National
Forests and reserves)
Gifford Pinchot – forest conservationist appointed
by TR
 Created the Forrest Rangers
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Taft
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Hand picked successor to Roosevelt
Conservative Republican-Pro business (Less
Progressive)
TR and the Election of 1912
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TR comes out of retirement
“New Nationalism” = more radical reform agenda than
before (Bull Moose Party (mod Republicans)
Social Justice can only occur through government
intervention
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More regulation of business
Tariff reduction
Regulate Women and child labor
Raise taxes- Inheritance and income taxes
Election of 1912
Election 1912
Wilson
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PHD-Professor then President of Princeton- Political
Science
Governor of New Jersey
Agenda= “New Freedom”
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Economic policy- regulate trusts –
Destroy Monopoly
Lower tariff
Federal Reserve Act 1913- organizes the federal Reserve to
stabilize the nation’s currency and money supplyFederal Trade commission- regulate business – prosecute
unfair trade
Supported Clayton Anti Trust Act
Wilson
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Child Labor- Keating Owen Child Labor Act
Women’s Suffrage- 19th Amendment
Underwood Act- 16th Amendment- Income Tax
Adamson's Act Worker’s Rights LawsClayton Anti-Trust Act
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Amendment= Income Taxes
AMENDMENT XVI Passed by Congress July 2,
1909. Ratified February 3, 1913.
Note: Article I, section 9, of the Constitution
was modified by amendment 16.
The Congress shall have power to lay and collect
taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived,
without apportionment among the several
States, and without regard to any census or
enumeration.
17th Amendment= Direct Election of
Senators
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AMENDMENT XVII Passed by Congress May 13, 1912. Ratified April 8,
1913.
Note: Article I, section 3, of the Constitution was modified by the 17th
amendment.
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from
each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator
shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications
requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State
legislatures.
When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate,
the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill
such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower
the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people
fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.
This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or
term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the
Constitution.
18th Amendment= Prohibition of
Alcohol
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AMENDMENT XVIII Passed by Congress December 18, 1917. Ratified January
16, 1919. Repealed by amendment 21.
Section 1.
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or
transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or
the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the
jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section 2.
The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce
this article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an
amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as
provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the
submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
19th Amendment= Women’s Suffrage
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AMENDMENT XIX Passed by Congress June 4,
1919. Ratified August 18, 1920.
The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of sex.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article
by appropriate legislation.