Transcript White man`s burden

The United States from 1877 to 1914
Frederick Jackson Turner’s
“Frontier Thesis”
• The frontier
gradually
turns
Europeans into
American
individualists
The United States from 1877 to 1914
The 5 stages of U.S. Indian policy,
1789-1900
• Sovereignty, 1789-1830
• Expulsion, 1830-1850s
• Reservation, 1832• Military Confrontation,
1870s-1890s
• “Reform”
(privatization) 1887-
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Expulsion: Betrayal of the Five
Civilized Tribes
• 1831:
Andrew
Jackson
ignores
Cherokee
Nation v.
Georgia
• Allows the
Five
Civilized
Tribes to be
driven west
The United States from 1877 to 1914
“Friends of the Indian”
•President Grant sets up board of Indian
Commissioners
•Bureau of Indian Affairs reaches 4,000
employees
•Government bans Indian ways, including
complex marriages, bride payments, and Indian
funeral traditions
•Sets up court system to enforce these rules
Bishop Henry Whipple
The United States from 1877 to 1914
“Reform:”
The Dawes Act, 1887
“Kill the Indian to save
the man.”
• Privatization of
reservation land
 1881
Indians held
155,000,000 acres
 1890 they held
104,000,000
 1900 they held
77,000,000
The United States from 1877 to 1914
$tate department, 1898:
We need new market$!
• “It seems to be conceded that every year
we shall be confronted with an increasing
surplus of manufactured goods for sale in
foreign markets if American operatives
and artisans are to be kept employed the
year around. The enlargement of foreign
consumption of the products of our mills
and workshops has, therefore, become a
serious problem of statesmanship as well
as of commerce.”
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Conant, “Economic Basis
of Imperialism,” 1898
• Too much production
• U.S. must develop markets
abroad
• U.S. industrial base will help in
this task
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Lenin’s 5 stages of imperialism:
• Concentrated capital produces monopolies
• Merging of bank and industrial
capital produces national oligopolies
• Corporations become trans-national
• Push their host nations to conquer territory on
their behalf
• Corporate controlled imperial states rule the
world
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Theodore Roosevelt
on “race suicide”
“No piled-up wealth, no splendor of
material growth, no brilliance of artistic
development, will permanently avail any
people unless its home life is healthy,
unless the average man possesses
honesty, courage, common sense, and
decency, unless he works hard and is
willing at need to fight hard; and unless
the average woman is a good wife, a good
mother, able and willing to perform the first
and greatest duty of womanhood, able
and willing to bear, and to bring up as they
should be brought up, healthy children,
sound in body, mind, and character, and
numerous enough so that the race shall
increase and not decrease.”
The United States from 1877 to 1914
Queen Lydia Liliuokalani, last of
the Hawaiian monarchs.
• Overturned by Anglo
planters after she
opposed an
undemocratic
constitution
• 1893: “Big Five”
consortium of planters
take over the Islands
The United States from 1877 to 1914
President William
McKinley, 1898
• Most popular president
since Lincoln
• First modern cabinet:
administrators, not
politicians
The United States from 1877 to 1914
The Teller Amendment, 1898
“That the United States hereby disclaims any
disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty,
jurisdiction, or control over said Island [Cuba]
except for the pacification thereof, and asserts its
determination, when it is accomplished, to leave
the government and control of the Island to its
people.”
The United States from 1877 to 1914
The Anti-Imperialist League, 1898
• “We demand the immediate
cessation of the war against
liberty, begun by Spain and
continued by us. We urge that
Congress be promptly
convened to announce to the
Filipinos our purpose to
concede to them the
independence for which they
have so long fought and which
of right is theirs.”
--platform of the Anti-Imperialist
League, 1899
The United States from 1877 to 1914
The Platt Amendment (1902)
• The U.S. had the right to intervene in
Cuba to “protect” its independence
• Cuba’s debt would be monitored by the
U.S.
• a fiscal cleanup plan to make Cuba more
attractive to U.S. investors
• a 99 year lease on Guantanamo Bay base
The United States from 1877 to 1914
John Hay’s “open
door” policy, 1899
• All nations have
equal trading rights
in China
• Chinese tariffs shall
apply equally
everywhere
• Only Chinese
government will
collect taxes and
duties