Transcript Reconstruction

Reconstruction
Reconstruction Legislation
The 13th Amendment (1865)
• Abolishes Slavery
• Section 1. Neither slavery
nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for
crime whereof the party
shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within
the United States, or any
place subject to their
jurisdiction.
• Section 2. Congress shall
have power to enforce this
article by appropriate
legislation
Freedman’s Bureau
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Provides
services to
former slaves
Food
Clothing
Medicine
Education
President
Johnson
Vetoes the bill
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Congress
overrides
Southern View of the Freedmen’s Bureau
Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Provides citizenship for AfricanAmericans
Government could protect AfricanAmericans civil rights
Vetoed by President Johnson
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Congress overrides the veto
Reconstruction Act of 1867
• Divided the South
into 5 military
districts; each
district was
controlled by a
General. States
would be under
military control
until they ensured
rights of AfricanAmericans
Reconstruction Act of 1867
• Tenure of Office Act
– The President could not remove
any officials (especially cabinet
members) without the consent
of the Senate if the position
originally required Senate
approval
• Designed to protect radical
members of Lincoln’s government
from being removed by President
Johnson
Edwin Stanton
Sec. of War
14th Amendment
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Defined the rights of
citizens
– Due process and
equal protection
under the law
regardless of race
– Reduced the
number of
Representatives if
a state denied the
right to vote to
African-Americans
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All persons born or naturalized in
the United States, and subject to
the jurisdiction thereof, are
citizens of the United States and
of the State wherein they reside.
No State shall make or enforce any
law which shall abridge the
privileges or immunities of citizens
of the United States; nor shall any
State deprive any person of life,
liberty, or property, without due
process of law; nor deny to any
person within its jurisdiction the
equal protection of the laws.
15th Amendment (1870)
• Voting rights could
not be denied due to
race
• Section 1. The right of
citizens of the United
States to vote shall not
be denied or abridged
by the United States or
by any State on account
of race, color, or
previous condition of
servitude.
• Section 2. The
Congress shall have
power to enforce this
article by appropriate
legislation
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Impeachment of President
Johnson
Radical Republicans gained control of
Congress in 1866
By 1868 Republicans had gained control of
many southern state governments
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Had support of African-American voters
Southern states began to re-enter the Union
Radical Republicans were angry at Johnson
because he was opposed to their
reconstruction plans
Johnson suspended Secretary of War
(Edward Stanton) without Senate approval
Impeachment of President
Johnson
• Congress
impeached
Johnson on
charges of
misconduct
• Johnson was
found not guilty
in the trial held
by the Senate
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Southern Resistance to
Reconstruction
Black Codes
–
Laws that were passed in southern
states that aimed to control African
Americans
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Banned African-Americans from
owning land
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Arrested and fined unemployed
African-Americans
– People were then forced to work
off fines for white employers
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Kept African-Americans from owning
or renting farms
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These laws were seen as another way
of imposing slavery
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Congress made a number of laws
that were designed to fight the
Black Codes:
– Civil Rights Act of 1866
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14th and 15th Amendments
Sharecropping
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Land owner gives part of his/her land
to someone to farm
The tenant pays the landowner with
part of the crop he grows
Tenant also must buy seeds and tools
from landowner
% of crop paid to land owner often left
tenant with just enough to feed their
families
Ku Klux Klan (1866)
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organization that was
created to threaten and
intimidate AfricanAmericans from
exercising their rights.
wanted to keep AfricanAmericans from voting and
attacked white supporters
of the reconstruction
KKK had support of many
southerners who wanted to
see the Republicans
defeated and a return to
Democratic rule in the
South.
Jim Crow Laws
• Laws which kept African-Americans and
Whites separated in the South
– Created a segregated society in the South
based on race
– Separate public facilities for Whites and
African-Americans
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Voting Restrictions
15th amendment stated that the right
to vote could not be denied due to
race. Southerners found ways around
this amendment
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Poll Taxes
Literacy Tests
Grandfather Clauses
Northerners in the South
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Carpetbaggers
term used by
southerners to
describe Northerners
who moved to the
South during
reconstruction
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Took advantage of
opportunities created
by the South’s defeat
in the war.
Support Republican
reconstruction
Were resented by
southerners
Northerners in the South
• Scalawags
– Term that was used by Southerners to
describe other southerners who supported
Republican policies