Transcript States` Rights - s3.amazonaws.com

Bank of U.S.
Webster
Calhoun
McCulloch v. Maryland
Hayne
States’ Rights
•Southern opinion on
tariffs:
abominable
Federal Authority
•Daniel Webster:
promoted national
unity over states’
rights
•States’ Rights:
•President Jackson:
state power should Nullification opposed
Crisis
be greater than
nullification
federal power
•Actions/Results:
Jackson wanted to
•Nullification:
send troops to
states’ have the
enforce tariffs;
right to nullify
Congress and
federal laws they
South Carolina
disagree with
compromised to
lower tariffs
•John C. Calhoun:
gradually
major proponent
13.
What was the
Second Bank
of the United
States?
• The Second Bank of the U.S. was
founded in 1816 & given a 20 year
charter
• It held federal deposits, transferred
federal funds between states, and
dealt with any payments owed by the
fed. gov’t
• Many states opposed the bankespecially in the South
• Many believed the bank only helped
the wealthy
• Jackson opposed the Second
Bank of the U.S. because he
believed it was illegal and
unconstitutional- he thought states
should control the banking system
14.
What was
McCulloch v.
Maryland?
• Maryland passed a tax to limit the
Bank’s operations because it was
not chartered by the state
• James McCulloch, the cashier of
the branch in Maryland, refused to
pay it
• Maryland filed a suit against
McCulloch in an effort to collect
the taxes
James
McCulloch
• In March of 1819McCulloch v. Maryland- The
U.S. Supreme Court ruled
that states do not have the
right to tax federal
institutions (National Bank
was Constitutional)
• The Supreme Court decided
the chartering of a bank was
an implied power of the
Constitution- “elastic clause”
John Marshall
–Chief Justice
of Supreme
Court
15.
How did
Jackson
weaken the
power of the
Bank of the
United States?
In 1832 Nicholas Biddle tried to
renew the Bank’s charter
Jackson promised he would
defeat the bill and kill the Bank
1. Jackson vetoed the bill when
Congress sent it to him
2. Jackson moved most of the
Bank’s funds ($) to state
banks
Biddle
Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and
Jack Downing struggle against a
snake with heads representing
men who opposed Jackson’s
policies. Jackson (on the left)
raises a cane marked "Veto" and
says, "Biddle thou Monster
Avaunt!! avaunt I say!...“
Van Buren: "Well done General,
Major Jack Downing, Adams,
Clay, well done all.”
Downing (dropping his axe):
"Now now you nasty varmint, be
you imperishable?...”
The largest of the heads is
president of the Bank Nicholas
Biddle's.
A caricature of Andrew Jackson
as a despotic monarch. The
cartoon charges that Jackson
exceeded the President’s
constitutional power by vetoing
the rechartering of the Bank of the
United States.
Jackson, in regal costume, stands
before a throne. He holds a "veto"
in his left hand and a scepter in
his right. The Federal Constitution
and the arms of Pennsylvania
(the United States Bank was
located in Philadelphia) lie in
tatters under his feet. Around the
border are the words "Of Veto
Memory", "Born to Command"
and "Had I Been Consulted."
This print is
sympathetic to
Jackson, portraying him
as the champion of the
common man against
the moneyed interests
of the Bank. In the
center Biddle (left) and
Jackson square off. An
obese woman, Mother
Bank, stands beside
Biddle. Behind her are
Biddle supporters
Daniel Webster and
Henry Clay.
On the right are
Jackson's supporters:
Martin Van Buren and
Major Jack Downing.
16.
Who were the
political
candidates in
the election of
1836?
• Democrats nominated VP
Martin Van Buren
• 1834- new political party
was formed to OPPOSE
Jackson- the Whig party
• The Whig party favored the
idea of a weak president
and a strong Congress
• The Whigs nominated 3
men to run against Van
Buren (William H. Harrison,
Daniel Webster, Hugh L.
White)
• Van Buren
won with
more than
50% of the
popular vote
17.
What was
the Panic
of 1837?
• Many states used bank funds to offer
easy credit terms to people buying
land
• This helped expand the West, but led
to inflation
• Right after Van Buren took office the
country experienced The Panic of
1837, a severe economic depression
• Jackson’s bank policies led to the
panic, but people blamed Van Buren
• In 1840 the Whigs ran William H.
Harrison against the Democrat Van
Buren and won
A commentary on the Panic of
1837. The blame is laid on the
treasury policies of Andrew
Jackson, whose hat,
spectacles, and clay pipe
appear in the sky overhead.
A panorama of offices, rooming
houses, and shops reflects the
hard times. Principal figures
are (from left to right): a mother
with infant (sprawled on a
straw mat), an intoxicated
Bowery tough, a militiaman
(seated, smoking), a banker or
landlord encountering a
begging widow with child, a
barefoot sailor, and a
carpenter. These are in
contrast to the prosperous
attorney "Peter Pillage," who is
collected by an elegant
carriage at the far right.