Transcript Nineteenth Century Background - University of Toronto Scarborough

HISTORY 3040
CANADA AND THE WORLD
NineteenthCentury
Background
Dr. Curtis Cole
September 21, 2009
Trent University in Oshawa
Nineteenth Century Background
Confederation
Nineteenth Century Background
Nineteenth Century Background
Confederation:
•A Self-Governing Colony
•Disallowance
John A. Macdonald
Gradually a different colonial system is being developed –
and will become, year by year, less a case of dependence
on our part, and of over-ruling protection on the part of the
Mother Country, and more a case of healthy and cordial
alliance. Instead of looking upon us as a merely dependent
colony, England will have in us a friendly nation – a
subordinate but still a powerful people – to stand by her in
North America in peace or in war.
Nineteenth Century Background
Major Cause of Confederation:
•fear of the United States
Nineteenth Century Background
Major Cause of Confederation :
•fear of the United States
Somewhere on Parliament Hill…
there should be erected a monument
to this American ogre who has so often
performed the function of saving us
from drift and indecision.
Frank Underhill
University of Toronto
Nineteenth Century Background
Major Cause of Confederation :
•fear of the United States
•American Revolution
•War of 1812
•border disputes - New Brunswick
- Oregon
Nineteenth Century Background
CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
Abraham Lincoln
U.S. President
Jefferson Davis
Confederate President
Nineteenth Century Background
CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
C.S.S. Alabama
Nineteenth Century Background
CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
•Trent affair - November-December, 1861
William Henry Seward
U.S. Secretary of State
Abraham Lincoln
One war at a time!
Nineteenth Century Background
CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
•Trent affair - November-December, 1861
•fear of U.S. troop build-up
Nineteenth Century Background
CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
•St. Albans Raid - October, 1864
Magistrate Charles Coursol
General John Dix
Nineteenth Century Background
Nineteenth Century Background
Louis Riel
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
Hamilton Fish
U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77
John A. Macdonald
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
Hamilton Fish
U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77
John A. Macdonald
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
Hamilton Fish
U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77
Charles Sumner
U.S. Senator, 1851-77
“$2 Billion – Or Give Up Canada”
John A. Macdonald
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
Hamilton Fish
U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77
John A. Macdonald
Charles Sumner
U.S. Senator, 1851-77
“$2 Billion – Or Give Up Canada”
Andrew Johnson
U.S. President, 1865-69
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Johnson-Clarendon Convention, 1869
Hamilton Fish
U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77
John A. Macdonald
Charles Sumner
U.S. Senator, 1851-77
“$2 Billion – Or Give Up Canada”
Andrew Johnson
U.S. President, 1865-69
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Johnson-Clarendon Convention, 1869
Hamilton Fish
Charles Sumner
U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77
U.S. Senator, 1851-77
U.S. President, 1865-69
John A. Macdonald
Reverdy Johnson
Lord Clarendon
U.S. Ambassador to Britain
British Foreign Secretary
Andrew Johnson
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Johnson-Clarendon Convention, 1869
•Rejected by the U.S. Senate, 54-1
Hamilton Fish
Charles Sumner
Andrew Johnson
U.S. Secretary of State, 1869-77
U.S. Senator, 1851-77
U.S. President, 186569
John A. Macdonald
Reverdy Johnson
Lord Clarendon
U.S. Ambassador to Britain
British Foreign Secretary
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
Ulysses S. Grant
U.S. President, 1869-77
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Great Britain apologized
Ulysses S. Grant
U.S. President, 1869-77
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Great Britain apologized
•Reparations set at $15.5 million
Ulysses S. Grant
U.S. President, 1869-77
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
• 1818: Americans
forbidden inside 3mile limit off
British territory
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
• 1818: Americans
forbidden inside 3mile limit off British
territory
• Reciprocity Treaty,
1854
•Both permitted to
fish north of 36º
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
• 1818: Americans
forbidden inside 3mile limit off British
territory
• Reciprocity Treaty,
1854
•Both permitted to fish
north of 36º
• Treaty lapsed, 1866
•Old limits enforced
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
•Alaska, 1867
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
•Alaska, 1867
•Seward’s Folly
William Seward
U.S. Secretary of State, 1861-1869
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
•Alaska, 1867
•Seward’s Folly
Santo
Domingo
William Seward
U.S. Secretary of State, 1861-1869
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
•Alaska, 1867
•Puget Sound
Santo
Domingo
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reparation Payments for the Alabama
•Fishing Rights
•Alaska, 1867
•Puget Sound
•German Emperor
appointed arbitrator
•Ruled in U.S. favour
Santo
Domingo
Kaiser Wilhelm I
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
John A. Macdonald
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reciprocity?
John A. Macdonald
Nineteenth Century Background
•Treaty of Washington, May 1871
•Reciprocity?
•U.S. not interested
John A. Macdonald
HISTORY 3040
CANADA AND THE WORLD
NEXT WEEK
A New Century
Reading:
Stacey, vol. I, pp. 52-84