Transcript Introduction to Canadian History

Introduction to Canadian History
1867 - 1914
Canada’s flag from 1868 - 1921
Why Join Together?
Canada was created for three reasons:
a) To protect against the United States.
Manifest Destiny
b) Save the United Kingdom money.
c) Economic growth and political stability for
the British colonies in Canada.
The Fathers of Confederation
The 3 Main People Involved
John A. Macdonald (Conservatives)
George Brown (Grits - Liberals)
George-Etienne Cartier (Bleus – East Conservatives)
Who was Canada’s first Prime Minister?
People Making up Canada
• British (Protestant)
• French (Roman Catholic)
• Metis (Roman Catholic)
• Native Canadians (Nature and Roman Catholic)
The Four Original Colonies of 1867
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ontario (Upper Canada)
Quebec (Lower Canada)
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Additional Provinces & Territories to Join Canada
5. Manitoba (1870)
6. Northwest Territories (1870)
7. British Columbia (1873)
8. Prince Edward Island (1873)
9. Yukon Territories (1898)
10. Saskatchewan (1905)
11. Alberta (1905)
British North America Act 1867
Strong Central Government:
Learn from the United States mistakes. The United
States fought a Civil War from 1861 – 1865 over who
held power the central government or the States.
Federal System:
The central government held all the major powers
such as military, trade, foreign affairs. The provinces
were given “residual” powers which mean everything
that was left over such as education.
Louis Riel and Manitoba
• Louis Riel fought for Metis rights in Western Canada. They felt
too many British people were settling their land in the west.
• The fight was known as the Red River Rebellion 1869-1870.
• Riel was Roman Catholic and believed he was doing God’s
work.
• Riel set up a temporary government in Manitoba and negotiated
their entry in Canada.
• Riel then fled to the United States to avoid trial for the murder of
Thomas Scott which took place at the beginning of the
rebellion.
• The province of Manitoba was created out of the Northwest
Territories and both joined Canada in 1870.
Louis Riel
British Columbia & Prince Edward Island
B.C. and P.E.I. entered confederation in 1871.
The main reasons why B.C. and P.E.I. entered
confederation was:
a. Had a huge debt and wanted economic ties to
Central Canada.
b. Promised a transcontinental railroad to be joined to
Central Canada.
c. Feared American expansion.
A Dream Fulfilled
Lord Strathcona drives the Last Spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway, at
Craigellachie, 7 November 1885. Completion of the transcontinental railroad was a
condition of entry into Confederation.
Northwest Rebellion
• On the request of Aboriginal peoples in th
Territories Louis Riel again returned to w
against the government of Canada. Aga
and Metis felt British people were taking
buffalo supply.
• The rebellion was crushed by the Canadi
government and the Aboriginals lost a lot
was arrested and put on trial for treason.
Battle of Fish Creek
The Trial of Louis Riel
-French Canadians were outraged that the jury was
made up entirely of English Protestants and no French.
-Riel’s lawyers wanted him labelled insane to lessen the
sentence but he refused.
-The jury took 30 minutes to declare him guilty but asked
for mercy.
Trial of Louis Riel
• The trial was highly flawed and seen unfair by many.
• Many appeals were sent to Prime Minister Macdonald by French Canadians
begging for mercy for Riel.
• Macdonald would show no mercy and gave one of the most famous quotes
in Canadian history:
“Riel will hang though every dog in Quebec shall bark in his
favour”
Riel was hanged at 8:00am on November 16, 1885 in Regina
Saskatchewan.
In the aftermath the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta were
created out of the Northwest Territories and joined Canada in
1905.
Significance of the Riel Trial
1. First major dispute between English
Canada and French Canada since
confederation. Hard feelings still exist
between the two cultures today because of the
trial.
2. Regionalism: The first example of a split
between the different regions in Canada. For
example: Ontario, Quebec and the West.
Immigration Boom
Immigration: the movement of people into a
country from other lands
Wilfred Laurier’s, Minister of the Interior,
Clifford Sifton, introduced an “open door”
policy. What do you think this means?
Conditions were perfect  faster steam
ships and the transcontinental railway
What impressions does
this advertisement
give? What promises
are made?
In a short
paragraph,
describe how the
Canadian government
encouraged
immigration: