Transcript Road to communism & Koren War

Warm-up pg. 703
1. Who was the leader of the
Nationalist Party?
2. Who supported the Communist
party? Why?
Answer:
1. Chiang Kai-shek
2. Peasants & workers (due to the poor
conditions and lack of land rights)
Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925):
goal was to establish China as
a democracy & he became the
first provisional president
• Little order in China
• Corrupt warlords maintained
power after the dynasties fell
• Robbers & thieves roamed
and looted the countryside
• Famine occurred & many
citizens starved
(Dr. Sun Yat-sen)
Enter Mao Zedong on the
scene: as a young revolutionary
who inspired the masses
• Formed the first
Communist Party
• Sought better treatment
and conditions for the
majority of Chinese
people
• Opposed the Nationalist
Party ideas
Jiang Jieshi Becomes President
of Nationalist China, 1928
• Headed the Nationalist
Party after Sun Yixian
died
• Attempted reconciliation
with the Communist
party, but then turned on
them & “eliminated”
communist opposition.
These two really didn’t
get along!!!
(“Chiang” Kai-shek)
Mao’s Escape Plan
The Long March
Trace where he
went…
• Mao led approx. 600,000 of his
followers to escape defeat and gain
support for his cause in the
countryside…
• Japan invades China drawing them
into to WWII
• Truce is called between the
Nationalist & Communist party until
after WWII to fight the Japanese
Japanese Aggression
Chemical and Biological Attacks, & Mass
Bombings
Victims of the Japanese
bombing of Shanghai.
World War II was fought in
two main areas:
• Europe
• Asian Pacific
IMPORTANT DATES
• 1937-Japan invaded China
• 1939-Germany invaded Poland
(official start of WWII)
• 1941-Pearl Harbor was bombed
and the United States entered the
war
• 1945-atomic bombing of Japan—
war ends
Story Overview so far:
Are you
kidding...?
• WWII ends in 1945
• China had been decimated (largely
destroyed) both physically and
economically by Japan
• Civil war breaks out again between
Nationalist & Communist party
supporters
• Communism spreads & Chiang KaiShek (leader of the Nationalist party)
moves to Taiwan to start “The New,
Real China”
The Communist Victory
“the spread”
The People’s Republic of
China
Why did Communism succeed when
they were outnumbered?
Many did not consider or take the
“pulse” of the China people…
Why did Communism succeed
when they were outnumbered?
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women-”you go girl”
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics”fought a hit and run” style war
► Citizens saw the Nationalist government
as corrupt
► Citizens felt that the Nationalists
allowed foreigners to dominate China.
Communist China Under
Mao
Industrialized China
Increased literacy
Class privileges ended
Rural Chinese received health
care
► One-party dictatorship
► BUT…and it’s a big one…Denied
people basic rights and freedoms
►
►
►
►
Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes
 Groups of people who live and work
together
 Property held in common
 Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of
products, poor weather hurt
agriculture
A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!
Communist China Under
Mao
► Designed Red Guards to
renew revolutionary spiritWas he paranoid…or just
good at maintaining a cult
following?
► Mao wanted to put
“intellectuals” in their place
► Schools shut down –
students revolted
► Red Guards – students
who attacked professors,
Does this rebel look
dangerous?
Japan: After the atomic bomb…
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the two
cities bombed
• Japan remained under the control of the
United States Army and General
MacArthur!
• The U.S. wanted Japan to be a peaceful
nation and eliminate the conditions that
led to the militaristic colonial empire of
Japan
JAPAN CONCESSIONS: POST WWII
• Japan’s business leaders, who
supported the militaristic Japan of
WWII, were stripped of their power.
• Japan could keep their original
homelands, but had to give up ALL
COLONIAL CONQUESTS
• The Japanese people > 20 years of
age were granted universal suffrage
(voting rights)
• Bill of Rights: established to give
universal rights to Japanese
citizens
• Japan could not rebuild their army
& could not declare war on another
nation.
Rebuilding of Japan’s
infrastructure
• Infrastructure: consists of
the public systems and
services of a nation
• Atomic Bomb: had
destroyed transportation,
industry, and urban life
• The U.S. helped Japan
rebuild its economy-which
is now one of the strongest
in the world!
Korea
KOREA
• 1910 Japan took over Korea &
ruled for 35 years until after WWII
• Japan lost control of Korea during
World War II and confusion in
leadership began…
Two competing groups formed:
• Communist vs. Korean Military
Government (supported by the
U.S.)
The 38th Parallel
After WWII Korea was
split at the 38th
Parallel:
• The United States
controlled South
Korea= setting up
Democracy
• Communists
controlled North
Korea= setting up
Communism
Domino Theory
K
o
r
e
a
• “Domino Theory” (fear of the spread of
communism): once one country falls then they
all begin to fall…
• United States and allies are concerned with
communist spread!
• Containment Policy —don’t let it spread!
• Fact: the U.S. didn’t acknowledge Communist
China until 1972! We still tried to support
Chiang Kai-Shek until then…
Reunification goal= Spells War
• The Soviet Union encouraged
North Korea to seek reunification
(uniting both North and South
Korea) creating a communist
homeland
• Korean people did not want
division, but no agreement on the
type of government could be met
• Seeking reunification, North
Korean forces crossed the 38th
parallel on June 25th, 1950=
causing WAR
Korea: a divided country
• United Nation (mainly
the U.S.) forces aided
South Korea
• Who was the likely friend
of North Korea?
• Not the Soviets, but the
Chinese!
• After 3 years of fighting
and seesawing back and
forth over territory: a
stalemate (or truce) was
called at the original 38th
parallel boundary
Korean War outcomes:
North Korea
• remains a communist
country under the
strict autocratic ruler:
Kim Jong-Il.
• Strengths=strong
military, heavy
industry
• Weaknesses= poor
human rights &
starvation/famine
• Allies=China
South Korea:
• Democratic constitution &
free-elections
• Wealthier= due to U.S. aid
and trade with Western
countries
• Allies= Western
Democratic Countries