Transcript World War I - Cloudfront.net

World War I
& President Wilson
1
Vocabulary
1. Assassination: When someone of political importance
is murdered (usually) for political reasons
2. Neutrality: The act of not taking a side in a conflict.
3. The Allies (Triple Entente): Another name for Britain,
France and Russia during World War I
4. The Central Powers: Another name for Germany,
Austria-Hungary and The Ottoman Empire during
World War I
5. Reparations: Money that you must pay someone
because you did something bad to them.
6. Suffrage: The right to vote.
2
Main Causes of the War
1. Nationalism
2. Militarism
3. Imperialism
4. Alliances
3
Nationalism
Devoting yourself to
one nation
Pride in your country
above all else
Rivalries built from
Middle Ages
4
Militarism
Building an army and
weapons for war
Machine guns
Advanced artillery
Mustard gas
Society obsessed with
protecting itself from
enemies
5
Imperialism
Nations competing for
colonies
The desire by stronger
countries to boss
around weaker ones
Sometimes based on
the Need for raw
materials and
economic gain
6
Alliances
Close associations between certain
countries
Countries that work together to
protect their international security
The Allies (Entente)
France
Britain
Russia
The Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
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Quick Quiz
1. What is Imperialism?
2. What is Militarism?
3. What is Nationalism
4. What are alliances?
5. What were the names of the Alliances of Europe? And
what countries were in each one?
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Russia
Britain
Germany
France
Austria
Hungary
Italy
9
Trouble in Serbia
Serbia was considered under control
of Austria-Hungary
This angered some Serbians
Archduke Franz-Ferdinand (of AustriaHungry) assassinated by member of
terrorist group
Blame goes to Serbia and AustriaHungary threatens war
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Britain
(7)
Belgium (6)
August 1
August 4
Russia (3)
Germany (4)
Austria
August 3
Hungary (2)
France (5)
July 29
July 28
Italy
Serbia (1)
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What led to World War I?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated in Serbia
Austria blamed Serbia for this & Serbia refused to comply
with the demands so Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia
Russia (Allied with Serbia) mobilized its military to defend
Serbia against Austria Hungary
Germany (Allied with Autria-Hungary) declared war on
Russia
Germany (Allied with Austria-Hungary)declared war on
France
Germany invaded Belgium to get into France easily
Britain (Allied with France) declared war on Germany
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U.S. Involvement
President Wilson declares
Neutrality
“Every man who really
loves America will act
and speak in the true
spirit of neutrality, which
is the spirit of
impartiality and fairness
and friendliness to all
concerned.”
13
Was the U.S. neutral?
YES, but we were still making money… from both
sides of the war.
Nations
Britain
France
Germany
1914
1915
1916
$594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102
$159,818,924 $364,397,170 $628,851,988
$344,794,276 $28,863,354
$288,899
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Which side should U.S. be on?
Triple Entente / The Allies
Central Powers
Lots of business ties
11 million German
Americans in states
Close cultural ties
France helped in
Revolutionary war
America is ½ English
ancestry
Irish-Americans HATED
Britain
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Quick Quiz
1. What set off the chain reaction that began World War I? Explain.
2. Explain the chain of events that led to World War I In your own
words.
3. What is neutrality?
4. Who was the president that favored neutrality?
5. What were some reasons for the U.S. to join the Allies?
6. What were some reasons for the U.S. to join the Central Powers?
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The Lusitania
British passenger ship with
American’s on board
German navy had many
submarines in the Atlantic
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The Lusitania is Sunk
May 7th 1915, it is sunk
by German U-Boat
128 Americans die (out
of 1,200)
Lusitania had ammo
cartridges and war
supplies on board
Americans are furious,
But this alone would
not put the United
States into war
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The Zimmermann Note
Note from Germany to Mexico. It basically said…
“Hey Amigo’s! What’s up!?! Que pasa!!! Alright so, we
know you are super pissed off at your neighbors
upstairs about that Mexican-American War. I mean, let’s
be honest, they kinda whooped your ***. So, I got a deal
for you. See, your neighbors are pissin us off too
because they keep on givin’ our enemies weapons and
it’s hurting us. But they’re all like “NOooOO, we’re
neutral…freedom of the seas man!” And we’re all
like…”CH’YA RIGHT!” So if you can, how’s about you get
your army to invade your buddies upstairs. If you can
do that, we’ll invade too and be able to have ourselves a
two front war. And if we win…we’ll give all that land
that you got stolen away from you. What do ya say?
Write this in your own words!
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What did Mexico do?
Britain found and
decoded the message
Britain shared
information with the U.S.
“OMG, did you hear
what Germany was
saying about you
guys?”
Mexico did not take up
Germany on their offer
BUT AMERICA WAS
PISSED!
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Unrestricted Submarine
Warfare
In addition to anger over the Zimmermann
Note and the sinking of the Lusitania,
Germany declared unrestricted submarine
warfare on any boats interfering with their
blockade of Britain on January 31st, 1917.
Four unarmed U.S. merchant ships (nonmilitary ships for carrying goods) were
sunk by German Submarines with 36 lives
lost.
21
America Declares War!
America declared war
on the Central Powers
April 12th, 1917
Army recruitment
posters popped up
everywhere
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A New Kind of War
World War I was the first war of its kind
that the world had ever seen because new
Technology led to…
No more horseback
Military used gas, tanks, machine guns,
airplanes and u-boats
Soldiers could kill from a distance
It was about who had the most guns
TRENCH WARFARE!
23
Trench Warfare of WWI
24
Pics from the Trenches
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The Treaty of Versailles…
Ended the war and was signed on June 28th 1919.
Limited the size of the German Military and required
Germany to give land to France, Denmark, and Poland
Made Germany pay reparations to France and the other
Allies for all of their war costs.
Established the League of Nations (an international
organization of countries)
The United States never signed the treaty of Versailles
because many Americans rejected the Idea of the League of
Nations
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Espionage & Sedition Acts
Passed by Congress and signed by President Wilson in
1917 & 1918
A person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to
20 years in prison for “interfering” with the war effort
Even just saying you disagreed with the war could be
viewed as interfering and therefore these laws were a
violation of the first amendment’s freedom of speech
Newspapers that criticized the war effort lost their
mailing privileges
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Quick Quiz
1. What was the Lusitania? What happened to it?
2. Explain the Zimmerman Note. Why did in anger the United States?
3. Explain Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and its affect on U.S.
merchant ships in 1917
4. What was the American Response to the Lusitania, the
Zimmermann Note and German unrestricted submarine warfare ?
5. Name 6 things that made World War I different than other Wars?
6. What was the treaty of Versailles? Name at least 5 things about it.
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7. What were the Espionage & Sedition Acts
President Wilson at Home
Women’s Suffrage, Antitrust Laws, Banking
Reforms and the Limits of Progressivism
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Women’s Suffrage
In the early 1900s more women
were going to college.
Carrie Chapman Catt was the
President of the National American
Women’s Suffrage Association
Women’s involvement in World War
I was the final straw that convinced
many to support Women’s suffrage.
The 19th Amendment (which
guarantees women the right to vote
was passed in 1920.
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Anti-trust Laws
President Wilson was also a
progressive
He signed the Clayton Antitrust Act which gave the
government more power to
control monopolies.
The Clayton Anti-trust Act also
made it easier for workers to
go on strike to improve their
working conditions.
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Banking Reforms
The FTC (Federal Trade Commission)
Established in 1914 to investigate and stop
unfair business practices and provide more rules
for banks to follow.
The Federal Reserve
Established in 1913 - Created 12 regions of
banking in the United States to keep banking
more organized.
Allows the government to print money and
change interest rates to help the economy.
32
Regions of the Federal Reserve
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Limits of Progressivism
Wilson was worried about angering southern
whites so he opposed federal anti-lynching laws.
Wilson also appointed many segregationists to
jobs in the federal government.
Unfortunately Wilson’s Progressivism seemed to
not apply to black Americans.
Woodrow Wilson was the last progressive
President
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Quick Quiz
1. Who was Carrie Chapman Catt? When was suffrage for
women achieved?
2. How/Why was suffrage achieved for women? (Three
Facts)
3. Explain FOUR FACTS about anti-trust laws under
President Wilson.
4. What were (two facts) of President Wilson’s Banking
Reforms?
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5. What were the limits of progressivism under President
Wilson?