Transcript Movement started by Martin Luther who wanted to reform the

Alexander Hamilton
He was
Washington’s
Secretary of
the Treasury
U.S. Constitution
Created a stronger
national
government that
the Articles of
Confederation
Shays’ Rebellion
Event which
convinced
Americans that
a stronger
central
government
was needed.
Three-Fifths Compromise
Enslaved persons
would count as threefifths of a free person
for both taxation and
representation
purposes.
Anti-federalists
Individuals who
opposed ratification
of the Constitution.
New Jersey Plan
Called for a one
house legislature
with each state
getting one vote.
Favored the smaller
states.
The Great Compromise
A two-house
legislature, with
membership of one
house based on
population, and the
other house with
each state having two
members.
Articles of Confederation
U
S
A
The United States of
America’s first
Constitution which
provided for a new
central government
under which the states
gave up little power.
James Madison
Father of the
Constitution.
Fourth President of
the US
Virginia Plan
Called for a two
house legislature with
both houses based on
population. Favored
the larger states.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Allowed the president to
expel foreigners thought
to be dangerous to the
country, and allowed
citizens to be jailed or
fined for criticizing public
officials.
Andrew Jackson
Popular American
president from
1829 to 1837 that
opened many
Southern territories
to white settlement
because he removed
the Indians west of
the Mississippi River
Annexation of Texas
When this area was
taken over by the United
States in 1845, it deeply
strained relations
between the U.S. and
Mexico.
Attorney General
Member of the
presidents cabinet that
handles the
government’s legal
matters
Battle of New Orleans
Decisive American
victory that made
Andrew Jackson a
hero, but it took
place two weeks
after the war had
ended.
Democratic-Republicans
Favored rule by the
people, strong state
governments, an
alliance with France,
and a strict
interpretation of the
Constitution. Led by
Thomas Jefferson
Electoral College
Group of electors
from each state
that meets every
four years to vote
for the President
and Vice-President
Election of 1800
The first time power
transferred from one
political party to
another. John Adams, a
Federalist, handed over
power to Thomas
Jefferson, a
Democratic-Republican.
Election of 1824
Controversial
decision where the
House of
Representatives
made John Quincy
Adams president.
The country
remained peaceful
despite the
controversial contest
Federalists
Supporters of the
Constitution. They
favored rule by the
wealthy, a strong
federal government,
an alliance with
Britain, and a loose
interpretation of the
Constitution. Led by
Alexander Hamilton
Indian Removal Act
Allowed the federal
government to force
Native Americans to
move to Indian
Territory (Oklahoma)
west of the
Mississippi River.
Jay Treaty
Approved by the Senate
to avoid war with Britain
in 1795, but unpopular
because the British
were still capturing
American ships and still
held forts in the Ohio
Valley
Judicial Review
The right of the
Supreme Court to
declare a law
unconstitutional
Kentucky and Virginia
Resolutions
Denounced the Alien and
Sedition Acts. First
important statements of
states rights theory that
said states had the right
to declare a law
unconstitutional.
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Explored and mapped the
Louisiana Territory, and
went all the way to the
Pacific Ocean. They helped
the U.S. establish claims
to Oregon, and inspired
others to go west.
Loose Interpretation
Government has the
power to do
anything not
specifically
forbidden to it on
the Constitution
Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson
purchased this
area from
Napoleon
Bonaparte of
France for $15
million. This
doubled the size
of the United
States
Manifest Destiny
The idea popular in
the United States
during the 1800s
that the country
must expand its
boundaries to the
Pacific.
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court case
which established the
precedent of Judicial
Review.
McCullough v. Maryland
Supreme Court case which
held that the necessary
and proper clause of the
Constitution allows
Congress to do more than
the Constitution expressly
authorizes it to do.
Mexican-American War
Fueled by the
Annexation of Texas
and Manifest Destiny,
this event added
California and the
southwest portion of
the present day U.S.
It ends with Mexico
losing half of its
territories.
Mexican Cession
Added the provinces of
California and New
Mexico to the United
States in 1848.
Monroe Doctrine
Stated that further
efforts by European
countries to
interfere with
countries in the
Americas would be
viewed as acts of
aggression requiring
U.S. intervention
National Bank
Started by
Alexander
Hamilton to create
an economically
strong country.
Northwest Ordinance
Document that set up
a way for territories to
become States, and
new states would be
equal in power to old
states. Its guarantee
on civil rights would
influence the Bill of
Rights. Slavery was
banned North of the
Ohio River as well.
Oliver Hazzard Perry
Commander of
American naval forces
on Lake Erie who
defeated the British
and said: “We have
met the enemy and
they are ours.”
Precedents of George
Washington
A cabinet advisors and
two terms as president
Secretary of Defense (War)
Member of the
president’s cabinet
that is concerned
with the Armed
Forces
Secretary of State
Member of the
president’s cabinet
that handle’s
relations with
foreign countries
Secretary of the Treasury
Member of the
president’s cabinet
that deals with
financial matters
Strict Interpretation
Government only has
the powers
specifically given to
it in the Constitution
Tecumseh
Native American
leader who built a
powerful Indian
Confederacy to try
to stop white
movement onto
Native American
lands
Trail of Tears
Cherokee Indians
were forced to
march to Indian
Territory in
Oklahoma, and
thousands died of
starvation,
frostbite and
disease
War of 1812
Started because of the
British encouraging
Native American
conflicts in the
Northwest Territory and
continued British
interference in U.S.
shipping. Although
neither side won, many
believed America earned
a new respect in the
world.
Washington’s Farewell
Address
Urged Americans to
beware of the
divisiveness of
political parties, and
warned people about
becoming entangled in
foreign affairs.
Whiskey Rebellion
Was a tax protest in
Pennsylvania in the 1790s
during the presidency of
George Washington.
Showed that the
government would use
force to maintain social
order, and citizens must
change laws peacefully
though Consitutional
means.
XYZ Affair
Incident in which French
agents asked American
ambassadors in Paris for
a bribe
Zebulon Pike’s Explorations
Explored modern day
Colorado and New Mexico
Land Ordinance of 1785
Law passed by Congress
that allowed for sales of
land in the Northwest
Territory and set up
standards for land sale
that became precedents.
Among them was the idea
of selling mile-square
sections of land and the
creation of townships